Coro::Handle - non-blocking I/O with a blocking interface.

Coro documentation Contained in the Coro distribution.

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NAME

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Coro::Handle - non-blocking I/O with a blocking interface.

SYNOPSIS

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 use Coro::Handle;

DESCRIPTION

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This module is an AnyEvent user, you need to make sure that you use and run a supported event loop.

This module implements IO-handles in a coroutine-compatible way, that is, other coroutines can run while reads or writes block on the handle.

It does so by using AnyEvent to wait for readable/writable data, allowing other coroutines to run while one coroutine waits for I/O.

Coro::Handle does NOT inherit from IO::Handle but uses tied objects.

If at all possible, you should always prefer method calls on the handle object over invoking tied methods, i.e.:

   $fh->print ($str);         # NOT print $fh $str;
   my $line = $fh->readline;  # NOT my $line = <$fh>;

The reason is that perl recurses within the interpreter when invoking tie magic, forcing the (temporary) allocation of a (big) stack. If you have lots of socket connections and they happen to wait in e.g. <$fh>, then they would all have a costly C coroutine associated with them.

$fh = new_from_fh Coro::Handle $fhandle [, arg => value...]

Create a new non-blocking io-handle using the given perl-filehandle. Returns undef if no filehandle is given. The only other supported argument is "timeout", which sets a timeout for each operation.

$fh = unblock $fh

This is a convenience function that just calls new_from_fh on the given filehandle. Use it to replace a normal perl filehandle by a non-(coroutine-)blocking equivalent.

$fh->writable, $fh->readable

Wait until the filehandle is readable or writable (and return true) or until an error condition happens (and return false).

$fh->readline ([$terminator])

Similar to the builtin of the same name, but allows you to specify the input record separator in a coroutine-safe manner (i.e. not using a global variable). Paragraph mode is not supported, use "\n\n" to achieve the same effect.

$fh->autoflush ([...])

Always returns true, arguments are being ignored (exists for compatibility only). Might change in the future.

$fh->fileno, $fh->close, $fh->read, $fh->sysread, $fh->syswrite, $fh->print, $fh->printf

Work like their function equivalents (except read, which works like sysread. You should not use the read function with Coro::Handle's, it will work but it's not efficient).

connect, listen, bind, getsockopt, setsockopt, send, recv, peername, sockname, shutdown, peerport, peerhost

Do the same thing as the perl builtins or IO::Socket methods (but return true on EINPROGRESS). Remember that these must be method calls.

($fh, $peername) = $listen_fh->accept

In scalar context, returns the newly accepted socket (or undef) and in list context return the ($fh, $peername) pair (or nothing).

$fh->timeout ([...])

The optional argument sets the new timeout (in seconds) for this handle. Returns the current (new) value.

0 is a valid timeout, use undef to disable the timeout.

$fh->fh

Returns the "real" (non-blocking) filehandle. Use this if you want to do operations on the file handle you cannot do using the Coro::Handle interface.

$fh->rbuf

Returns the current contents of the read buffer (this is an lvalue, so you can change the read buffer if you like).

You can use this function to implement your own optimized reader when neither readline nor sysread are viable candidates, like this:

  # first get the _real_ non-blocking filehandle
  # and fetch a reference to the read buffer
  my $nb_fh = $fh->fh;
  my $buf = \$fh->rbuf;

  while () {
     # now use buffer contents, modifying
     # if necessary to reflect the removed data

     last if $$buf ne ""; # we have leftover data

     # read another buffer full of data
     $fh->readable or die "end of file";
     sysread $nb_fh, $$buf, 8192;
  }

BUGS

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 - Perl's IO-Handle model is THE bug.

AUTHOR

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 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
 http://home.schmorp.de/
Coro documentation Contained in the Coro distribution. 
package Coro::Handle;

use common::sense;

use Carp ();
use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR EINPROGRESS);

use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK WSAEINPROGRESS);

use base 'Exporter';

our $VERSION = 6.0;
our @EXPORT = qw(unblock);


sub new_from_fh {
   my $class = shift;
   my $fh = shift or return;
   my $self = do { local *Coro::Handle };

   tie *$self, 'Coro::Handle::FH', fh => $fh, @_;

   bless \$self, ref $class ? ref $class : $class
}


sub unblock($) {
   new_from_fh Coro::Handle $_[0]
}


sub readable	{ Coro::Handle::FH::readable (tied *${$_[0]}) }
sub writable	{ Coro::Handle::FH::writable (tied *${$_[0]}) }


sub readline	{ tied(*${+shift})->READLINE (@_) }


sub autoflush	{ !0 }


sub read	{ Coro::Handle::FH::READ   (tied *${$_[0]}, $_[1], $_[2], $_[3]) }
sub sysread	{ Coro::Handle::FH::READ   (tied *${$_[0]}, $_[1], $_[2], $_[3]) }
sub syswrite	{ Coro::Handle::FH::WRITE  (tied *${$_[0]}, $_[1], $_[2], $_[3]) }
sub print	{ Coro::Handle::FH::WRITE  (tied *${+shift}, join "", @_) }
sub printf	{ Coro::Handle::FH::PRINTF (tied *${+shift}, @_) }
sub fileno	{ Coro::Handle::FH::FILENO (tied *${$_[0]}) }
sub close	{ Coro::Handle::FH::CLOSE  (tied *${$_[0]}) }
sub blocking    { !0 } # this handler always blocks the caller

sub partial     {
   my $obj = tied *${$_[0]};

   my $retval = $obj->[8];
   $obj->[8] = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
   $retval
}


sub connect	{ connect     tied(*${$_[0]})->[0], $_[1] or $! == EINPROGRESS or $! == EAGAIN or $! == WSAEWOULDBLOCK }
sub bind	{ bind        tied(*${$_[0]})->[0], $_[1] }
sub listen	{ listen      tied(*${$_[0]})->[0], $_[1] }
sub getsockopt	{ getsockopt  tied(*${$_[0]})->[0], $_[1], $_[2] }
sub setsockopt	{ setsockopt  tied(*${$_[0]})->[0], $_[1], $_[2], $_[3] }
sub send	{ send        tied(*${$_[0]})->[0], $_[1], $_[2], @_ > 2 ? $_[3] : () }
sub recv	{ recv        tied(*${$_[0]})->[0], $_[1], $_[2], @_ > 2 ? $_[3] : () }
sub sockname	{ getsockname tied(*${$_[0]})->[0] }
sub peername	{ getpeername tied(*${$_[0]})->[0] }
sub shutdown	{ shutdown    tied(*${$_[0]})->[0], $_[1] }


sub accept {
   my ($peername, $fh);
   while () {
      $peername = accept $fh, tied(*${$_[0]})->[0]
         and return wantarray 
                    ? ($_[0]->new_from_fh($fh), $peername)
                    :  $_[0]->new_from_fh($fh);

      return if $! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK;

      $_[0]->readable or return;
   }
}


sub timeout {
   my $self = tied *${$_[0]};
   if (@_ > 1) {
      $self->[2] = $_[1];
      $self->[5]->timeout ($_[1]) if $self->[5];
      $self->[6]->timeout ($_[1]) if $self->[6];
   }
   $self->[2]
}


sub fh {
   (tied *${$_[0]})->[0];
}

sub rbuf : lvalue {
   (tied *${$_[0]})->[3];
}

sub DESTROY {
   # nop
}

our $AUTOLOAD;

sub AUTOLOAD {
   my $self = tied *${$_[0]};

   (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/^(.*):://;

   my $forward = UNIVERSAL::can $self->[7], $func;

   $forward or
      die "Can't locate object method \"$func\" via package \"" . (ref $self) . "\"";

   goto &$forward;
}

package Coro::Handle::FH;

use common::sense;

use Carp 'croak';
use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);

use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);

use Coro::AnyEvent;

# formerly a hash, but we are speed-critical, so try
# to be faster even if it hurts.
#
# 0 FH
# 1 desc
# 2 timeout
# 3 rb
# 4 wb # unused
# 5 read watcher, if Coro::Event|EV used
# 6 write watcher, if Coro::Event|EV used
# 7 forward class
# 8 blocking

sub TIEHANDLE {
   my ($class, %arg) = @_;

   my $self = bless [], $class;
   $self->[0] = $arg{fh};
   $self->[1] = $arg{desc};
   $self->[2] = $arg{timeout};
   $self->[3] = "";
   $self->[4] = "";
   $self->[7] = $arg{forward_class};
   $self->[8] = $arg{partial};

   AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->[0], 1;

   $self
}

sub cleanup {
   # gets overriden for Coro::Event
   @{$_[0]} = ();
}

sub OPEN {
   &cleanup;
   my $self = shift;
   my $r = @_ == 2 ? open $self->[0], $_[0], $_[1]
                   : open $self->[0], $_[0], $_[1], $_[2];

   if ($r) {
      fcntl $self->[0], &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK
         or croak "fcntl(O_NONBLOCK): $!";
   }

   $r
}

sub PRINT {
   WRITE (shift, join "", @_)
}

sub PRINTF {
   WRITE (shift, sprintf shift, @_)
}

sub GETC {
   my $buf;
   READ ($_[0], $buf, 1);
   $buf
}

sub BINMODE {
   binmode $_[0][0];
}

sub TELL {
   Carp::croak "Coro::Handle's don't support tell()";
}

sub SEEK {
   Carp::croak "Coro::Handle's don't support seek()";
}

sub EOF {
   Carp::croak "Coro::Handle's don't support eof()";
}

sub CLOSE {
   my $fh = $_[0][0];
   &cleanup;
   close $fh
}

sub DESTROY {
   &cleanup;
}

sub FILENO {
   fileno $_[0][0]
}

# seems to be called for stringification (how weird), at least
# when DumpValue::dumpValue is used to print this.
sub FETCH {
   "$_[0]<$_[0][1]>"
}

sub _readable_anyevent {
   my $cb = Coro::rouse_cb;

   my $w = AE::io $_[0][0], 0, sub { $cb->(1) };
   my $t = (defined $_[0][2]) && AE::timer $_[0][2], 0, sub { $cb->(0) };

   Coro::rouse_wait
}

sub _writable_anyevent {
   my $cb = Coro::rouse_cb;

   my $w = AE::io $_[0][0], 1, sub { $cb->(1) };
   my $t = (defined $_[0][2]) && AE::timer $_[0][2], 0, sub { $cb->(0) };

   Coro::rouse_wait
}

sub _readable_coro {
   ($_[0][5] ||= "Coro::Event"->io (
      fd      => $_[0][0],
      desc    => "fh $_[0][1] read watcher",
      timeout => $_[0][2],
      poll    => &Event::Watcher::R + &Event::Watcher::E + &Event::Watcher::T,
   ))->next->[4] & &Event::Watcher::R
}

sub _writable_coro {
   ($_[0][6] ||= "Coro::Event"->io (
      fd      => $_[0][0],
      desc    => "fh $_[0][1] write watcher",
      timeout => $_[0][2],
      poll    => &Event::Watcher::W + &Event::Watcher::E + &Event::Watcher::T,
   ))->next->[4] & &Event::Watcher::W
}

#sub _readable_ev {
#   &EV::READ  == Coro::EV::timed_io_once (fileno $_[0][0], &EV::READ , $_[0][2])
#}
#
#sub _writable_ev {
#   &EV::WRITE == Coro::EV::timed_io_once (fileno $_[0][0], &EV::WRITE, $_[0][2])
#}

# decide on event model at runtime
for my $rw (qw(readable writable)) {
   *$rw = sub {
      AnyEvent::detect;
      if ($AnyEvent::MODEL eq "AnyEvent::Impl::Event" and eval { require Coro::Event }) {
         *$rw = \&{"_$rw\_coro"};
         *cleanup = sub {
            eval {
               $_[0][5]->cancel if $_[0][5];
               $_[0][6]->cancel if $_[0][6];
            };
            @{$_[0]} = ();
         };

      } elsif ($AnyEvent::MODEL eq "AnyEvent::Impl::EV" and eval { require Coro::EV }) {
         *$rw = \&{"Coro::EV::_$rw\_ev"};
         return &$rw; # Coro 5.0+ doesn't support goto &SLF, and this line is executed once only

      } else {
         *$rw = \&{"_$rw\_anyevent"};
      }
      goto &$rw
   };
};

sub WRITE {
   my $len = defined $_[2] ? $_[2] : length $_[1];
   my $ofs = $_[3];
   my $res;

   while () {
      my $r = syswrite ($_[0][0], $_[1], $len, $ofs);
      if (defined $r) {
         $len -= $r;
         $ofs += $r;
         $res += $r;
         last unless $len;
      } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
         last;
      }
      last unless &writable;
   }

   $res
}

sub READ {
   my $len = $_[2];
   my $ofs = $_[3];
   my $res;

   # first deplete the read buffer
   if (length $_[0][3]) {
      my $l = length $_[0][3];
      if ($l <= $len) {
         substr ($_[1], $ofs) = $_[0][3]; $_[0][3] = "";
         $len -= $l;
         $ofs += $l;
         $res += $l;
         return $res unless $len;
      } else {
         substr ($_[1], $ofs) = substr ($_[0][3], 0, $len);
         substr ($_[0][3], 0, $len) = "";
         return $len;
      }
   }

   while() {
      my $r = sysread $_[0][0], $_[1], $len, $ofs;
      if (defined $r) {
         $len -= $r;
         $ofs += $r;
         $res += $r;
         last unless $len && $r;
      } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
         last;
      }
      last if $_[0][8] || !&readable;
   }

   $res
}

sub READLINE {
   my $irs = @_ > 1 ? $_[1] : $/;
   my ($ofs, $len, $pos);

   while () {
      if (length $irs) {
         $pos = index $_[0][3], $irs, $ofs < 0 ? 0 : $ofs;

         return substr $_[0][3], 0, $pos + length $irs, ""
            if $pos >= 0;

         $ofs = (length $_[0][3]) - (length $irs);
      } elsif (defined $irs) {
         $pos = index $_[0][3], "\n\n", $ofs < 1 ? 1 : $ofs;

         if ($pos >= 0) {
            my $res = substr $_[0][3], 0, $pos + 2, "";
            $res =~ s/\A\n+//;
            return $res;
         }

         $ofs = (length $_[0][3]) - 1;
      }

      $len = sysread $_[0][0], $_[0][3], $len + 4096, length $_[0][3];

      unless ($len) {
         if (defined $len) {
            # EOF
            return undef unless length $_[0][3];

            $_[0][3] =~ s/\A\n+//
               if ! length $irs && defined $irs;

            return delete $_[0][3];
         } elsif (($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) || !&readable) {
            return length $_[0][3] ? delete $_[0][3] : undef;
         }
      }
   }
}

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