DBIx::Custom - Execute insert, update, delete, and select statement easily

    use DBIx::Custom;

    # Connect
    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->connect(
        dsn => "dbi:mysql:database=dbname",
        user => 'ken',
        password => '!LFKD%$&',
        dbi_option => {mysql_enable_utf8 => 1}
    );

    # Insert 
    $dbi->insert({title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}, table  => 'book');

    # Update 
    $dbi->update({title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}, table  => 'book',
      where  => {id => 5});

    # Delete
    $dbi->delete(table  => 'book', where => {author => 'Ken'});

    # Select
    my $result = $dbi->select(table  => 'book',
      column => ['title', 'author'], where  => {author => 'Ken'});

    # Select, more complex
    my $result = $dbi->select(
        table  => 'book',
        column => [
            {book => [qw/title author/]},
            {company => ['name']}
        ],
        where  => {'book.author' => 'Ken'},
        join => ['left outer join company on book.company_id = company.id'],
        append => 'order by id limit 5'
    );

    # Fetch
    while (my $row = $result->fetch) {

    }

    # Fetch as hash
    while (my $row = $result->fetch_hash) {

    }

    # Execute SQL with parameter.
    $dbi->execute(
        "select id from book where author = :author and title like :title",
        {author => 'ken', title => '%Perl%'}
    );

    my $connector = $dbi->connector;
    $dbi = $dbi->connector(DBIx::Connector->new(...));

    my $connector = DBIx::Connector->new(
        "dbi:mysql:database=$DATABASE",
        $USER,
        $PASSWORD,
        DBIx::Custom->new->default_dbi_option
    );

    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->connect(connector => $connector);

    my $dsn = $dbi->dsn;
    $dbi = $dbi->dsn("DBI:mysql:database=dbname");

    my $dbi_option = $dbi->dbi_option;
    $dbi = $dbi->dbi_option($dbi_option);

    my $default_dbi_option = $dbi->default_dbi_option;
    $dbi = $dbi->default_dbi_option($default_dbi_option);

    {
        RaiseError => 1,
        PrintError => 0,
        AutoCommit => 1,
    }

    my $filters = $dbi->filters;
    $dbi = $dbi->filters(\%filters);

    my $models = $dbi->models;
    $dbi = $dbi->models(\%models);

    my $password = $dbi->password;
    $dbi = $dbi->password('lkj&le`@s');

    my $sql_class = $dbi->query_builder;
    $dbi = $dbi->query_builder(DBIx::Custom::QueryBuilder->new);

     my quote = $dbi->quote;
     $dbi = $dbi->quote('"');

    my $result_class = $dbi->result_class;
    $dbi = $dbi->result_class('DBIx::Custom::Result');

    my $safety_character = $self->safety_character;
    $dbi = $self->safety_character($character);

    my $tag_parse = $dbi->tag_parse(0);
    $dbi = $dbi->tag_parse;

    my $user = $dbi->user;
    $dbi = $dbi->user('Ken');

    print $dbi->available_data_type;

    print $dbi->available_type_name;

    my $assign_param = $dbi->assign_param({title => 'a', age => 2});

    title = :title, author = :author

    my $column = $dbi->column(book => ['author', 'title']);

    book.author as "book.author",
    book.title as "book.title"

    # Separator is double underbar
    $dbi->separator('__');

    book.author as "book__author",
    book.title as "book__title"

    # Separator is hyphen
    $dbi->separator('-');

    book.author as "book-author",
    book.title as "book-title"

    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->connect(
        dsn => "dbi:mysql:database=dbname",
        user => 'ken',
        password => '!LFKD%$&',
        dbi_option => {mysql_enable_utf8 => 1}
    );

    my $model = $dbi->create_model(
        table => 'book',
        primary_key => 'id',
        join => [
            'inner join company on book.comparny_id = company.id'
        ],
    );

   $dbi->model('book')->select(...);

    my $dbh = $dbi->dbh;

    $dbi->each_column(
        sub {
            my ($dbi, $table, $column, $column_info) = @_;

            my $type = $column_info->{TYPE_NAME};

            if ($type eq 'DATE') {
                # ...
            }
        }
    );

    my $result = $dbi->execute(
      "select * from book where title = :title and author like :author",
      {title => 'Perl', author => '%Ken%'}
    );

    my $result = $dbi->execute(
      "select * from book where title = :book.title and author like :book.author",
      {'book.title' => 'Perl', 'book.author' => '%Ken%'}
    );

    select * from where title = ? and author like ?;

    $dbi->delete(table => 'book', where => {title => 'Perl'});

    $dbi->delete_all(table => $table);

    $dbi->insert({title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}, table  => 'book');

    my $insert_param = $dbi->insert_param({title => 'a', age => 2});

    (title, author) values (title = :title, age = :age);

    $dbi->include_model('MyModel');

    lib / MyModel.pm
        / MyModel / book.pm
                  / company.pm

    package MyModel;
    use DBIx::Custom::Model -base;

    1;

    package MyModel::book;
    use MyModel -base;

    1;

    package MyModel::company;
    use MyModel -base;

    1;

    my $book_model = $dbi->model('book');
    my $company_model = $dbi->model('company');

    my $map_param = $dbi->map_param(
        {id => 1, authro => 'Ken', price => 1900},
        'id' => 'book.id',
        'author' => ['book.author' => sub { '%' . $_[0] . '%' }],
        'price' => [
            'book.price', {if => sub { length $_[0] }}
        ]
    );

    my $param = $dbi->merge_param({key1 => 1}, {key1 => 1, key2 => 2});

    {key1 => [1, 1], key2 => 2}

    $dbi->method(
        update_or_insert => sub {
            my $self = shift;

            # Process
        },
        find_or_create   => sub {
            my $self = shift;

            # Process
        }
    );

    $dbi->update_or_insert;
    $dbi->find_or_create;

    my $model = $dbi->model('book');

    my $column = $self->mycolumn(book => ['author', 'title']);

    book.author as author,
    book.title as title

    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->new(
        dsn => "dbi:mysql:database=dbname",
        user => 'ken',
        password => '!LFKD%$&',
        dbi_option => {mysql_enable_utf8 => 1}
    );

    my $not_exists = $dbi->not_exists;

    my $order = $dbi->order;

    $dbi->register_filter(
        # Time::Piece object to database DATE format
        tp_to_date => sub {
            my $tp = shift;
            return $tp->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
        },
        # database DATE format to Time::Piece object
        date_to_tp => sub {
           my $date = shift;
           return Time::Piece->strptime($date, '%Y-%m-%d');
        }
    );

    $dbi->type_rule(
        into1 => {
            date => sub { ... },
            datetime => sub { ... }
        },
        into2 => {
            date => sub { ... },
            datetime => sub { ... }
        },
        from1 => {
            # DATE
            9 => sub { ... },
            # DATETIME or TIMESTAMP
            11 => sub { ... },
        }
        from2 => {
            # DATE
            9 => sub { ... },
            # DATETIME or TIMESTAMP
            11 => sub { ... },
        }
    );

    print $dbi->available_type_name;

    print $dbi->available_data_type;

    $dbi->type_rule(
        into1 => [
            [qw/DATE DATETIME/] => sub { ... },
        ],
    );

    my $result = $dbi->select(
        table  => 'book',
        column => ['author', 'title'],
        where  => {author => 'Ken'},
    );

    $dbi->update({title => 'Perl'}, table  => 'book', where  => {id => 4});

    $dbi->update_all({title => 'Perl'}, table => 'book', );

    my $update_param = $dbi->update_param({title => 'a', age => 2});

    set title = :title, author = :author

    my $where = $dbi->where(
        clause => ['and', 'title = :title', 'author = :author'],
        param => {title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}
    );

    $dbi->setup_model;

    # Attribute methods
    data_source # Removed at 2017/1/1
    dbi_options # Removed at 2017/1/1
    filter_check # Removed at 2017/1/1
    reserved_word_quote # Removed at 2017/1/1
    cache_method # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Methods
    create_query # Removed at 2017/1/1
    apply_filter # Removed at 2017/1/1
    select_at # Removed at 2017/1/1
    delete_at # Removed at 2017/1/1
    update_at # Removed at 2017/1/1
    insert_at # Removed at 2017/1/1
    register_tag # Removed at 2017/1/1
    default_bind_filter # Removed at 2017/1/1
    default_fetch_filter # Removed at 2017/1/1
    insert_param_tag # Removed at 2017/1/1
    register_tag_processor # Removed at 2017/1/1
    update_param_tag # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Options
    select method relation option # Removed at 2017/1/1
    select method param option # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Others
    execute("select * from {= title}"); # execute tag parsing functionality
                                        # Removed at 2017/1/1
    Query caching # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Attribute method
    filter # Removed at 2017/1/1
    name # Removed at 2017/1/1
    type # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Attribute method
    default_filter # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Attribute method
    tags # Removed at 2017/1/1
    tag_processors # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Method
    register_tag # Removed at 2017/1/1
    register_tag_processor # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Others
    build_query("select * from {= title}"); # tag parsing functionality
                                            # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Attribute method
    filter_check # Removed at 2017/1/1

    # Methods
    end_filter # Removed at 2017/1/1
    remove_end_filter # Removed at 2017/1/1
    remove_filter # Removed at 2017/1/1
    default_filter # Removed at 2017/1/1

    This module is DEPRECATED! # Removed at 2017/1/1

package DBIx::Custom;
use Object::Simple -base;

our $VERSION = '0.1699';
use 5.008001;

use Carp 'croak';
use DBI;
use DBIx::Custom::Result;
use DBIx::Custom::Query;
use DBIx::Custom::QueryBuilder;
use DBIx::Custom::Where;
use DBIx::Custom::Model;
use DBIx::Custom::Tag;
use DBIx::Custom::Order;
use DBIx::Custom::Util qw/_array_to_hash _subname/;
use Encode qw/encode encode_utf8 decode_utf8/;

use constant DEBUG => $ENV{DBIX_CUSTOM_DEBUG} || 0;
use constant DEBUG_ENCODING => $ENV{DBIX_CUSTOM_DEBUG_ENCODING} || 'UTF-8';

our @COMMON_ARGS = qw/bind_type table query filter id primary_key
  type_rule_off type_rule1_off type_rule2_off type table_alias/;

has [qw/connector dsn password quote user/],
    cache => 0,
    cache_method => sub {
        sub {
            my $self = shift;
            
            $self->{_cached} ||= {};
            
            if (@_ > 1) {
                $self->{_cached}{$_[0]} = $_[1];
            }
            else {
                return $self->{_cached}{$_[0]};
            }
        }
    },
    dbi_option => sub { {} },
    default_dbi_option => sub {
        {
            RaiseError => 1,
            PrintError => 0,
            AutoCommit => 1
        }
    },
    filters => sub {
        {
            encode_utf8 => sub { encode_utf8($_[0]) },
            decode_utf8 => sub { decode_utf8($_[0]) }
        }
    },
    models => sub { {} },
    query_builder => sub { DBIx::Custom::QueryBuilder->new },
    result_class  => 'DBIx::Custom::Result',
    safety_character => '\w',
    stash => sub { {} },
    tag_parse => 1;

our $AUTOLOAD;
sub AUTOLOAD {
    my $self = shift;

    # Method name
    my ($package, $mname) = $AUTOLOAD =~ /^([\w\:]+)\:\:(\w+)$/;

    # Call method
    $self->{_methods} ||= {};
    if (my $method = $self->{_methods}->{$mname}) {
        return $self->$method(@_)
    }
    elsif ($self->{dbh} && (my $dbh_method = $self->dbh->can($mname))) {
        $self->dbh->$dbh_method(@_);
    }
    else {
        croak qq{Can't locate object method "$mname" via "$package" }
            . _subname;
    }
}

sub assign_param {
    my ($self, $param) = @_;
    
    # Create set tag
    my @params;
    my $safety = $self->safety_character;
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    foreach my $column (keys %$param) {
        croak qq{"$column" is not safety column name } . _subname
          unless $column =~ /^[$safety\.]+$/;
        my $column_quote = "$q$column$q";
        $column_quote =~ s/\./$q.$q/;
        push @params, "$column_quote = :$column";
    }
    my $tag = join(', ', @params);
    
    return $tag;
}

sub column {
    my $self = shift;
    my $option = pop if ref $_[-1] eq 'HASH';
    my $real_table = shift;
    my $columns = shift;
    my $table = $option->{alias} || $real_table;
    
    # Columns
    unless ($columns) {
        $columns ||= $self->model($real_table)->columns;
    }
    
    # Reserved word quote
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    
    # Separator
    my $separator = $self->separator;
    
    # Column clause
    my @column;
    $columns ||= [];
    push @column, "$q$table$q.$q$_$q as $q${table}${separator}$_$q"
      for @$columns;
    
    return join (', ', @column);
}

sub connect {
    my $self = ref $_[0] ? shift : shift->new(@_);;
    
    # Connect
    $self->dbh;
    
    return $self;
}

sub dbh {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Set
    if (@_) {
        $self->{dbh} = $_[0];
        
        return $self;
    }
    
    # Get
    else {
        # From Connction manager
        if (my $connector = $self->connector) {
            croak "connector must have dbh() method " . _subname
              unless ref $connector && $connector->can('dbh');
              
            $self->{dbh} = $connector->dbh;
        }
        
        # Connect
        $self->{dbh} ||= $self->_connect;
        
        # Quote
        if (!defined $self->reserved_word_quote && !defined $self->quote) {
            my $driver = $self->{dbh}->{Driver}->{Name};
            my $quote = $driver eq 'mysql' ? '`' : '"';
            $self->quote($quote);
        }
        
        return $self->{dbh};
    }
}

our %DELETE_ARGS = map { $_ => 1 } @COMMON_ARGS,
  qw/where append allow_delete_all where_param prefix/;

sub delete {
    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    # Check arguments
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $DELETE_ARGS{$name};
    }
    
    # Arguments
    my $table = $args{table} || '';
    croak qq{"table" option must be specified. } . _subname
      unless $table;
    my $where            = delete $args{where} || {};
    my $append           = delete $args{append};
    my $allow_delete_all = delete $args{allow_delete_all};
    my $where_param      = delete $args{where_param} || {};
    my $id = delete $args{id};
    my $primary_key = delete $args{primary_key};
    croak "update method primary_key option " .
          "must be specified when id is specified " . _subname
      if defined $id && !defined $primary_key;
    $primary_key = [$primary_key] unless ref $primary_key eq 'ARRAY';
    my $prefix = delete $args{prefix};
    
    # Where
    $where = $self->_create_param_from_id($id, $primary_key) if defined $id;
    my $where_clause = '';
    if (ref $where eq 'ARRAY' && !ref $where->[0]) {
        $where_clause = "where " . $where->[0];
        $where_param = $where->[1];
    }
    elsif (ref $where) {
        $where = $self->_where_to_obj($where);
        $where_param = keys %$where_param
                     ? $self->merge_param($where_param, $where->param)
                     : $where->param;
        
        # String where
        $where_clause = $where->to_string;
    }
    elsif ($where) { $where_clause = "where $where" }
    croak qq{"where" must be specified } . _subname
      if $where_clause eq '' && !$allow_delete_all;

    # Delete statement
    my @sql;
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    push @sql, "delete";
    push @sql, $prefix if defined $prefix;
    push @sql, "from $q$table$q $where_clause";
    push @sql, $append if defined $append;
    my $sql = join(' ', @sql);
    
    # Execute query
    return $self->execute($sql, $where_param, table => $table, %args);
}

sub delete_all { shift->delete(allow_delete_all => 1, @_) }

sub DESTROY { }

sub create_model {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Arguments
    my $args = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
    $args->{dbi} = $self;
    my $model_class = delete $args->{model_class} || 'DBIx::Custom::Model';
    my $model_name  = delete $args->{name};
    my $model_table = delete $args->{table};
    $model_name ||= $model_table;
    
    # Create model
    my $model = $model_class->new($args);
    $model->name($model_name) unless $model->name;
    $model->table($model_table) unless $model->table;
    
    # Apply filter
    my $filter = ref $model->filter eq 'HASH'
               ? [%{$model->filter}]
               : $model->filter;
    warn "DBIx::Custom::Model filter method is DEPRECATED!"
      if @$filter;
    $self->_apply_filter($model->table, @$filter);

    # Set model
    $self->model($model->name, $model);
    
    return $self->model($model->name);
}

sub each_column {
    my ($self, $cb) = @_;
    
    # Iterate all tables
    my $sth_tables = $self->dbh->table_info;
    while (my $table_info = $sth_tables->fetchrow_hashref) {
        
        # Table
        my $table = $table_info->{TABLE_NAME};
        
        # Iterate all columns
        my $sth_columns = $self->dbh->column_info(undef, undef, $table, '%');
        while (my $column_info = $sth_columns->fetchrow_hashref) {
            my $column = $column_info->{COLUMN_NAME};
            $self->$cb($table, $column, $column_info);
        }
    }
}

our %EXECUTE_ARGS = map { $_ => 1 } @COMMON_ARGS, 'param';

sub execute {
    my $self = shift;
    my $query = shift;
    my $param;
    $param = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %args = @_;
    
    # Arguments
    my $p = delete $args{param} || {};
    $param ||= $p;
    my $tables = delete $args{table} || [];
    $tables = [$tables] unless ref $tables eq 'ARRAY';
    my $filter = delete $args{filter};
    $filter = _array_to_hash($filter);
    my $bind_type = delete $args{bind_type} || delete $args{type};
    $bind_type = _array_to_hash($bind_type);
    my $type_rule_off = delete $args{type_rule_off};
    my $type_rule_off_parts = {
        1 => delete $args{type_rule1_off},
        2 => delete $args{type_rule2_off}
    };
    my $query_return = delete $args{query};
    my $table_alias = delete $args{table_alias} || {};
    
    # Check argument names
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $EXECUTE_ARGS{$name};
    }
    
    # Create query
    $query = $self->_create_query($query) unless ref $query;
    return $query if $query_return;
    $filter ||= $query->filter;
    
    # Tables
    unshift @$tables, @{$query->tables};
    my $main_table = pop @$tables;
    $tables = $self->_remove_duplicate_table($tables, $main_table);
    if (my $q = $self->_quote) {
        $_ =~ s/$q//g for @$tables;
    }
    
    # Type rule
    my $type_filters = {};
    unless ($type_rule_off) {
        foreach my $name (keys %$param) {
            my $table;
            my $column;
            if ($name =~ /(?:(.+)\.)?(.+)/) {
                $table = $1;
                $column = $2;
            }
            $table ||= $main_table;
            
            foreach my $i (1 .. 2) {
                unless ($type_rule_off_parts->{$i}) {
                    my $into = $self->{"_into$i"} || {};
                    
                    my $alias = $table;
                    $table = $table_alias->{$alias}
                      if defined $alias && $table_alias->{$alias};
                    
                    if (defined $table && $into->{$table} &&
                        (my $rule = $into->{$table}->{$column}))
                    {
                        $type_filters->{$i}->{$column} = $rule;
                        $type_filters->{$i}->{"$table.$column"} = $rule;
                        $type_filters->{$i}->{"$alias.$column"} = $rule if $alias ne $table;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    # Applied filter
    my $applied_filter = {};
    foreach my $table (@$tables) {
        $applied_filter = {
            %$applied_filter,
            %{$self->{filter}{out}->{$table} || {}}
        }
    }
    $filter = {%$applied_filter, %$filter};
    
    # Replace filter name to code
    foreach my $column (keys %$filter) {
        my $name = $filter->{$column};
        if (!defined $name) {
            $filter->{$column} = undef;
        }
        elsif (ref $name ne 'CODE') {
          croak qq{Filter "$name" is not registered" } . _subname
            unless exists $self->filters->{$name};
          $filter->{$column} = $self->filters->{$name};
        }
    }
    
    # Create bind values
    my $bind = $self->_create_bind_values(
        $param,
        $query->columns,
        $filter,
        $type_filters,
        $bind_type
    );
    
    # Execute
    my $sth = $query->sth;
    my $affected;
    eval {
        for (my $i = 0; $i < @$bind; $i++) {
            my $bind_type = $bind->[$i]->{bind_type};
            $sth->bind_param(
                $i + 1,
                $bind->[$i]->{value},
                $bind_type ? $bind_type : ()
            );
        }
        $affected = $sth->execute;
    };
    
    if ($@) {
        $self->_croak($@, qq{. Following SQL is executed.\n}
                        . qq{$query->{sql}\n} . _subname);
    }
    
    # DEBUG message
    if (DEBUG) {
        print STDERR "SQL:\n" . $query->sql . "\n";
        my @output;
        foreach my $b (@$bind) {
            my $value = $b->{value};
            $value = 'undef' unless defined $value;
            $value = encode(DEBUG_ENCODING(), $value)
              if utf8::is_utf8($value);
            push @output, $value;
        }
        print STDERR "Bind values: " . join(', ', @output) . "\n\n";
    }
    
    # Select statement
    if ($sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS}) {
        
        # Filter
        my $filter = {};
        $filter->{in}  = {};
        $filter->{end} = {};
        push @$tables, $main_table if $main_table;
        foreach my $table (@$tables) {
            foreach my $way (qw/in end/) {
                $filter->{$way} = {
                    %{$filter->{$way}},
                    %{$self->{filter}{$way}{$table} || {}}
                };
            }
        }
        
        # Result
        my $result = $self->result_class->new(
            sth => $sth,
            filters => $self->filters,
            default_filter => $self->{default_in_filter},
            filter => $filter->{in} || {},
            end_filter => $filter->{end} || {},
            type_rule => {
                from1 => $self->type_rule->{from1},
                from2 => $self->type_rule->{from2}
            },
        );

        return $result;
    }
    
    # Not select statement
    else { return $affected }
}

our %INSERT_ARGS = map { $_ => 1 } @COMMON_ARGS, qw/param/;

sub insert {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Arguments
    my $param;
    $param = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %args = @_;
    my $table  = delete $args{table};
    croak qq{"table" option must be specified } . _subname
      unless $table;
    my $p = delete $args{param} || {};
    $param  ||= $p;
    my $append = delete $args{append} || '';
    my $id = delete $args{id};
    my $primary_key = delete $args{primary_key};
    croak "insert method primary_key option " .
          "must be specified when id is specified " . _subname
      if defined $id && !defined $primary_key;
    $primary_key = [$primary_key] unless ref $primary_key eq 'ARRAY';
    my $prefix = delete $args{prefix};

    # Check arguments
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $INSERT_ARGS{$name};
    }

    # Merge parameter
    if (defined $id) {
        my $id_param = $self->_create_param_from_id($id, $primary_key);
        $param = $self->merge_param($id_param, $param);
    }

    # Reserved word quote
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    
    # Insert statement
    my @sql;
    push @sql, "insert";
    push @sql, $prefix if defined $prefix;
    push @sql, "into $q$table$q " . $self->insert_param($param);
    push @sql, $append if defined $append;
    my $sql = join (' ', @sql);
    
    # Execute query
    return $self->execute($sql, $param, table => $table, %args);
}

sub insert_param {
    my ($self, $param) = @_;
    
    # Create insert parameter tag
    my $safety = $self->safety_character;
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    my @columns;
    my @placeholders;
    foreach my $column (keys %$param) {
        croak qq{"$column" is not safety column name } . _subname
          unless $column =~ /^[$safety\.]+$/;
        my $column_quote = "$q$column$q";
        $column_quote =~ s/\./$q.$q/;
        push @columns, $column_quote;
        push @placeholders, ":$column";
    }
    
    return '(' . join(', ', @columns) . ') ' . 'values ' .
           '(' . join(', ', @placeholders) . ')'
}

sub include_model {
    my ($self, $name_space, $model_infos) = @_;
    
    # Name space
    $name_space ||= '';
    
    # Get Model infomations
    unless ($model_infos) {

        # Load name space module
        croak qq{"$name_space" is invalid class name } . _subname
          if $name_space =~ /[^\w:]/;
        eval "use $name_space";
        croak qq{Name space module "$name_space.pm" is needed. $@ }
            . _subname
          if $@;
        
        # Search model modules
        my $path = $INC{"$name_space.pm"};
        $path =~ s/\.pm$//;
        opendir my $dh, $path
          or croak qq{Can't open directory "$path": $! } . _subname
        $model_infos = [];
        while (my $module = readdir $dh) {
            push @$model_infos, $module
              if $module =~ s/\.pm$//;
        }
        close $dh;
    }
    
    # Include models
    foreach my $model_info (@$model_infos) {
        
        # Load model
        my $model_class;
        my $model_name;
        my $model_table;
        if (ref $model_info eq 'HASH') {
            $model_class = $model_info->{class};
            $model_name  = $model_info->{name};
            $model_table = $model_info->{table};
            
            $model_name  ||= $model_class;
            $model_table ||= $model_name;
        }
        else { $model_class = $model_name = $model_table = $model_info }
        my $mclass = "${name_space}::$model_class";
        croak qq{"$mclass" is invalid class name } . _subname
          if $mclass =~ /[^\w:]/;
        unless ($mclass->can('isa')) {
            eval "use $mclass";
            croak "$@ " . _subname if $@;
        }
        
        # Create model
        my $args = {};
        $args->{model_class} = $mclass if $mclass;
        $args->{name}        = $model_name if $model_name;
        $args->{table}       = $model_table if $model_table;
        $self->create_model($args);
    }
    
    return $self;
}

sub map_param {
    my $self = shift;
    my $param = shift;
    my %map = @_;
    
    # Mapping
    my $map_param = {};
    foreach my $key (keys %map) {
        my $value_cb;
        my $condition;
        my $map_key;
        
        # Get mapping information
        if (ref $map{$key} eq 'ARRAY') {
            foreach my $some (@{$map{$key}}) {
                $map_key = $some unless ref $some;
                $condition = $some->{if} if ref $some eq 'HASH';
                $value_cb = $some if ref $some eq 'CODE';
            }
        }
        else {
            $map_key = $map{$key};
        }
        $value_cb ||= sub { $_[0] };
        $condition ||= sub { defined $_[0] && length $_[0] };

        # Map parameter
        my $value;
        if (ref $condition eq 'CODE') {
            $map_param->{$map_key} = $value_cb->($param->{$key})
              if $condition->($param->{$key});
        }
        elsif ($condition eq 'exists') {
            $map_param->{$map_key} = $value_cb->($param->{$key})
              if exists $param->{$key};
        }
        else { croak qq/Condition must be code reference or "exists" / . _subname }
    }
    
    return $map_param;
}

sub merge_param {
    my ($self, @params) = @_;
    
    # Merge parameters
    my $merge = {};
    foreach my $param (@params) {
        foreach my $column (keys %$param) {
            my $param_is_array = ref $param->{$column} eq 'ARRAY' ? 1 : 0;
            
            if (exists $merge->{$column}) {
                $merge->{$column} = [$merge->{$column}]
                  unless ref $merge->{$column} eq 'ARRAY';
                push @{$merge->{$column}},
                  ref $param->{$column} ? @{$param->{$column}} : $param->{$column};
            }
            else {
                $merge->{$column} = $param->{$column};
            }
        }
    }
    
    return $merge;
}

sub method {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Register method
    my $methods = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
    $self->{_methods} = {%{$self->{_methods} || {}}, %$methods};
    
    return $self;
}

sub model {
    my ($self, $name, $model) = @_;
    
    # Set model
    if ($model) {
        $self->models->{$name} = $model;
        return $self;
    }
    
    # Check model existance
    croak qq{Model "$name" is not included } . _subname
      unless $self->models->{$name};
    
    # Get model
    return $self->models->{$name};
}

sub mycolumn {
    my ($self, $table, $columns) = @_;
    
    # Create column clause
    my @column;
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    $columns ||= [];
    push @column, "$q$table$q.$q$_$q as $q$_$q" for @$columns;
    
    return join (', ', @column);
}

sub new {
    my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
    
    # Check attributes
    my @attrs = keys %$self;
    foreach my $attr (@attrs) {
        croak qq{"$attr" is wrong name } . _subname
          unless $self->can($attr);
    }
    
    # DEPRECATED!
    $self->query_builder->{tags} = {
        '?'     => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::placeholder,
        '='     => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::equal,
        '<>'    => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::not_equal,
        '>'     => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::greater_than,
        '<'     => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::lower_than,
        '>='    => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::greater_than_equal,
        '<='    => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::lower_than_equal,
        'like'  => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::like,
        'in'    => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::in,
        'insert_param' => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::insert_param,
        'update_param' => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::update_param
    };
    
    return $self;
}

sub not_exists { bless {}, 'DBIx::Custom::NotExists' }

sub order {
    my $self = shift;
    return DBIx::Custom::Order->new(@_);
}

sub register_filter {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Register filter
    my $filters = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
    $self->filters({%{$self->filters}, %$filters});
    
    return $self;
}

our %SELECT_ARGS = map { $_ => 1 } @COMMON_ARGS,
  qw/column where relation join param where_param wrap prefix/;

sub select {
    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    # Arguments
    my $table = delete $args{table};
    my $tables = ref $table eq 'ARRAY' ? $table
               : defined $table ? [$table]
               : [];
    my $columns   = delete $args{column};
    my $where     = delete $args{where} || {};
    my $append    = delete $args{append};
    my $join      = delete $args{join} || [];
    croak qq{"join" must be array reference } . _subname
      unless ref $join eq 'ARRAY';
    my $relation = delete $args{relation};
    warn "select() relation option is DEPRECATED!"
      if $relation;
    my $param = delete $args{param} || {}; # DEPRECATED!
    warn "select() param option is DEPRECATED!"
      if keys %$param;
    my $where_param = delete $args{where_param} || $param || {};
    my $wrap = delete $args{wrap};
    my $id = delete $args{id};
    my $primary_key = delete $args{primary_key};
    croak "update method primary_key option " .
          "must be specified when id is specified " . _subname
      if defined $id && !defined $primary_key;
    $primary_key = [$primary_key] unless ref $primary_key eq 'ARRAY';
    my $prefix = delete $args{prefix};
    
    # Check arguments
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $SELECT_ARGS{$name};
    }
    
    # Add relation tables(DEPRECATED!);
    $self->_add_relation_table($tables, $relation);
    
    # Select statement
    my @sql;
    push @sql, 'select';
    
    # Reserved word quote
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    
    # Prefix
    push @sql, $prefix if defined $prefix;
    
    # Column clause
    if ($columns) {
        $columns = [$columns] unless ref $columns eq 'ARRAY';
        foreach my $column (@$columns) {
            if (ref $column eq 'HASH') {
                $column = $self->column(%$column) if ref $column eq 'HASH';
            }
            elsif (ref $column eq 'ARRAY') {
                croak "Format must be [COLUMN, as => ALIAS] " . _subname
                  unless @$column == 3 && $column->[1] eq 'as';
                $column = join(' ', $column->[0], 'as', $q . $column->[2] . $q);
            }
            unshift @$tables, @{$self->_search_tables($column)};
            push @sql, ($column, ',');
        }
        pop @sql if $sql[-1] eq ',';
    }
    else { push @sql, '*' }
    
    # Table
    push @sql, 'from';
    if ($relation) {
        my $found = {};
        foreach my $table (@$tables) {
            push @sql, ("$q$table$q", ',') unless $found->{$table};
            $found->{$table} = 1;
        }
    }
    else {
        my $main_table = $tables->[-1] || '';
        push @sql, "$q$main_table$q";
    }
    pop @sql if ($sql[-1] || '') eq ',';
    croak "Not found table name " . _subname
      unless $tables->[-1];

    # Add tables in parameter
    unshift @$tables,
            @{$self->_search_tables(join(' ', keys %$where_param) || '')};
    
    # Where
    my $where_clause = '';
    $where = $self->_create_param_from_id($id, $primary_key) if defined $id;
    if (ref $where eq 'ARRAY' && !ref $where->[0]) {
        $where_clause = "where " . $where->[0];
        $where_param = $where->[1];
    }
    elsif (ref $where) {
        $where = $self->_where_to_obj($where);
        $where_param = keys %$where_param
                     ? $self->merge_param($where_param, $where->param)
                     : $where->param;
        
        # String where
        $where_clause = $where->to_string;
    }
    elsif ($where) { $where_clause = "where $where" }
    
    # Add table names in where clause
    unshift @$tables, @{$self->_search_tables($where_clause)};
    
    # Push join
    $self->_push_join(\@sql, $join, $tables);
    
    # Add where clause
    push @sql, $where_clause;
    
    # Relation(DEPRECATED!);
    $self->_push_relation(\@sql, $tables, $relation, $where_clause eq '' ? 1 : 0);
    
    # Append
    push @sql, $append if defined $append;
    
    # Wrap
    if ($wrap) {
        croak "wrap option must be array refrence " . _subname
          unless ref $wrap eq 'ARRAY';
        unshift @sql, $wrap->[0];
        push @sql, $wrap->[1];
    }
    
    # SQL
    my $sql = join (' ', @sql);
    
    # Execute query
    my $result = $self->execute($sql, $where_param, table => $tables, %args);
    
    return $result;
}

sub separator {
    my $self = shift;
    
    if (@_) {
        my $separator = $_[0] || '';
        croak qq{Separator must be "." or "__" or "-" } . _subname
          unless $separator eq '.' || $separator eq '__'
              || $separator eq '-';
        
        $self->{separator} = $separator;
    
        return $self;
    }
    return $self->{separator} ||= '.';
}

sub setup_model {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Setup model
    $self->each_column(
        sub {
            my ($self, $table, $column, $column_info) = @_;
            if (my $model = $self->models->{$table}) {
                push @{$model->columns}, $column;
            }
        }
    );
    return $self;
}

sub available_data_type {
    my $self = shift;
    
    my $data_types = '';
    foreach my $i (-1000 .. 1000) {
         my $type_info = $self->dbh->type_info($i);
         my $data_type = $type_info->{DATA_TYPE};
         my $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME};
         $data_types .= "$data_type ($type_name)\n"
           if defined $data_type;
    }
    return "Data Type maybe equal to Type Name" unless $data_types;
    $data_types = "Data Type (Type name)\n" . $data_types;
    return $data_types;
}

sub available_type_name {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Type Names
    my $type_names = {};
    $self->each_column(sub {
        my ($self, $table, $column, $column_info) = @_;
        $type_names->{$column_info->{TYPE_NAME}} = 1
          if $column_info->{TYPE_NAME};
    });
    my @output = sort keys %$type_names;
    unshift @output, "Type Name";
    return join "\n", @output;
}

sub type_rule {
    my $self = shift;
    
    if (@_) {
        my $type_rule = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
        
        # Into
        foreach my $i (1 .. 2) {
            my $into = "into$i";
            $type_rule->{$into} = _array_to_hash($type_rule->{$into});
            $self->{type_rule} = $type_rule;
            $self->{"_$into"} = {};
            foreach my $type_name (keys %{$type_rule->{$into} || {}}) {
                croak qq{type name of $into section must be lower case}
                  if $type_name =~ /[A-Z]/;
            }
            $self->each_column(sub {
                my ($dbi, $table, $column, $column_info) = @_;
                
                my $type_name = lc $column_info->{TYPE_NAME};
                if ($type_rule->{$into} &&
                    (my $filter = $type_rule->{$into}->{$type_name}))
                {
                    return unless exists $type_rule->{$into}->{$type_name};
                    if  (defined $filter && ref $filter ne 'CODE') 
                    {
                        my $fname = $filter;
                        croak qq{Filter "$fname" is not registered" } . _subname
                          unless exists $self->filters->{$fname};
                        
                        $filter = $self->filters->{$fname};
                    }

                    $self->{"_$into"}{$table}{$column} = $filter;
                }
            });
        }

        # From
        foreach my $i (1 .. 2) {
            $type_rule->{"from$i"} = _array_to_hash($type_rule->{"from$i"});
            foreach my $data_type (keys %{$type_rule->{"from$i"} || {}}) {
                croak qq{data type of from$i section must be lower case or number}
                  if $data_type =~ /[A-Z]/;
                my $fname = $type_rule->{"from$i"}{$data_type};
                if (defined $fname && ref $fname ne 'CODE') {
                    croak qq{Filter "$fname" is not registered" } . _subname
                      unless exists $self->filters->{$fname};
                    
                    $type_rule->{"from$i"}{$data_type} = $self->filters->{$fname};
                }
            }
        }
        
        return $self;
    }
    
    return $self->{type_rule} || {};
}

our %UPDATE_ARGS = map { $_ => 1 } @COMMON_ARGS,
  qw/param where allow_update_all where_param prefix/;

sub update {
    my $self = shift;

    # Arguments
    my $param;
    $param = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %args = @_;
    my $table = delete $args{table} || '';
    croak qq{"table" option must be specified } . _subname
      unless $table;
    my $p = delete $args{param} || {};
    $param  ||= $p;
    my $where = delete $args{where} || {};
    my $where_param = delete $args{where_param} || {};
    my $append = delete $args{append} || '';
    my $allow_update_all = delete $args{allow_update_all};
    my $id = delete $args{id};
    my $primary_key = delete $args{primary_key};
    croak "update method primary_key option " .
          "must be specified when id is specified " . _subname
      if defined $id && !defined $primary_key;
    $primary_key = [$primary_key] unless ref $primary_key eq 'ARRAY';
    my $prefix = delete $args{prefix};
    
    # Check argument names
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $UPDATE_ARGS{$name};
    }

    # Update clause
    my $update_clause = $self->update_param($param);

    # Where
    $where = $self->_create_param_from_id($id, $primary_key) if defined $id;
    my $where_clause = '';
    if (ref $where eq 'ARRAY' && !ref $where->[0]) {
        $where_clause = "where " . $where->[0];
        $where_param = $where->[1];
    }
    elsif (ref $where) {
        $where = $self->_where_to_obj($where);
        $where_param = keys %$where_param
                     ? $self->merge_param($where_param, $where->param)
                     : $where->param;
        
        # String where
        $where_clause = $where->to_string;
    }
    elsif ($where) { $where_clause = "where $where" }
    croak qq{"where" must be specified } . _subname
      if "$where_clause" eq '' && !$allow_update_all;
    
    # Merge param
    $param = $self->merge_param($param, $where_param) if keys %$where_param;
    
    # Update statement
    my @sql;
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    push @sql, "update";
    push @sql, $prefix if defined $prefix;
    push @sql, "$q$table$q $update_clause $where_clause";
    push @sql, $append if defined $append;
    
    # SQL
    my $sql = join(' ', @sql);
    
    # Execute query
    return $self->execute($sql, $param, table => $table, %args);
}

sub update_all { shift->update(allow_update_all => 1, @_) };

sub update_param {
    my ($self, $param, $opt) = @_;
    
    # Create update parameter tag
    my $tag = $self->assign_param($param);
    $tag = "set $tag" unless $opt->{no_set};

    return $tag;
}

sub where {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Create where
    return DBIx::Custom::Where->new(
        query_builder => $self->query_builder,
        safety_character => $self->safety_character,
        quote => $self->_quote,
        @_
    );
}

sub _create_query {
    
    my ($self, $source) = @_;
    
    # Cache
    my $cache = $self->cache;
    
    # Query
    my $query;
    
    # Get cached query
    if ($cache) {
        
        # Get query
        my $q = $self->cache_method->($self, $source);
        
        # Create query
        if ($q) {
            $query = DBIx::Custom::Query->new($q);
            $query->filters($self->filters);
        }
    }
    
    # Create query
    unless ($query) {

        # Create query
        my $builder = $self->query_builder;
        $builder->{_tag_parse} = $self->tag_parse;
        $query = $builder->build_query($source);

        # Remove reserved word quote
        if (my $q = $self->_quote) {
            $_ =~ s/$q//g for @{$query->columns}
        }

        # Save query to cache
        $self->cache_method->(
            $self, $source,
            {
                sql     => $query->sql, 
                columns => $query->columns,
                tables  => $query->tables
            }
        ) if $cache;
    }
    
    # Prepare statement handle
    my $sth;
    eval { $sth = $self->dbh->prepare($query->{sql})};
    
    if ($@) {
        $self->_croak($@, qq{. Following SQL is executed.\n}
                        . qq{$query->{sql}\n} . _subname);
    }
    
    # Set statement handle
    $query->sth($sth);
    
    # Set filters
    $query->filters($self->filters);
    
    return $query;
}

sub _create_bind_values {
    my ($self, $params, $columns, $filter, $type_filters, $bind_type) = @_;
    
    # Create bind values
    my $bind = [];
    my $count = {};
    my $not_exists = {};
    foreach my $column (@$columns) {
        
        # Value
        my $value;
        if(ref $params->{$column} eq 'ARRAY') {
            my $i = $count->{$column} || 0;
            $i += $not_exists->{$column} || 0;
            my $found;
            for (my $k = $i; $i < @{$params->{$column}}; $k++) {
                if (ref $params->{$column}->[$k] eq 'DBIx::Custom::NotExists') {
                    $not_exists->{$column}++;
                }
                else  {
                    $value = $params->{$column}->[$k];
                    $found = 1;
                    last
                }
            }
            next unless $found;
        }
        else { $value = $params->{$column} }
        
        # Filter
        my $f = $filter->{$column} || $self->{default_out_filter} || '';
        $value = $f->($value) if $f;
        
        # Type rule
        foreach my $i (1 .. 2) {
            my $type_filter = $type_filters->{$i};
            my $tf = $type_filter->{$column};
            $value = $tf->($value) if $tf;
        }
        
        # Bind values
        push @$bind, {value => $value, bind_type => $bind_type->{$column}};
        
        # Count up 
        $count->{$column}++;
    }
    
    return $bind;
}

sub _create_param_from_id {
    my ($self, $id, $primary_keys) = @_;
    
    # Create parameter
    my $param = {};
    if (defined $id) {
        $id = [$id] unless ref $id;
        croak qq{"id" must be constant value or array reference}
            . " (" . (caller 1)[3] . ")"
          unless !ref $id || ref $id eq 'ARRAY';
        croak qq{"id" must contain values same count as primary key}
            . " (" . (caller 1)[3] . ")"
          unless @$primary_keys eq @$id;
        for(my $i = 0; $i < @$primary_keys; $i ++) {
           $param->{$primary_keys->[$i]} = $id->[$i];
        }
    }
    
    return $param;
}

sub _connect {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Attributes
    my $dsn = $self->data_source;
    warn "data_source is DEPRECATED!\n"
      if $dsn;
    $dsn ||= $self->dsn;
    croak qq{"dsn" must be specified } . _subname
      unless $dsn;
    my $user        = $self->user;
    my $password    = $self->password;
    my $dbi_option = {%{$self->dbi_options}, %{$self->dbi_option}};
    warn "dbi_options is DEPRECATED! use dbi_option instead\n"
      if keys %{$self->dbi_options};
    
    # Connect
    my $dbh = eval {DBI->connect(
        $dsn,
        $user,
        $password,
        {
            %{$self->default_dbi_option},
            %$dbi_option
        }
    )};
    
    # Connect error
    croak "$@ " . _subname if $@;
    
    return $dbh;
}

sub _croak {
    my ($self, $error, $append) = @_;
    
    # Append
    $append ||= "";
    
    # Verbose
    if ($Carp::Verbose) { croak $error }
    
    # Not verbose
    else {
        
        # Remove line and module infromation
        my $at_pos = rindex($error, ' at ');
        $error = substr($error, 0, $at_pos);
        $error =~ s/\s+$//;
        croak "$error$append";
    }
}

sub _need_tables {
    my ($self, $tree, $need_tables, $tables) = @_;
    
    # Get needed tables
    foreach my $table (@$tables) {
        if ($tree->{$table}) {
            $need_tables->{$table} = 1;
            $self->_need_tables($tree, $need_tables, [$tree->{$table}{parent}])
        }
    }
}

sub _push_join {
    my ($self, $sql, $join, $join_tables) = @_;
    
    # No join
    return unless @$join;
    
    # Push join clause
    my $tree = {};
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @$join; $i++) {
        
        # Search table in join clause
        my $join_clause = $join->[$i];
        my $q_re = quotemeta($q);
        my $join_re = $q ? qr/\s$q_re?([^\.\s$q_re]+?)$q_re?\..+?\s$q_re?([^\.\s$q_re]+?)$q_re?\..+?$/
                         : qr/\s([^\.\s]+?)\..+?\s([^\.\s]+?)\..+?$/;
        if ($join_clause =~ $join_re) {
            my $table1 = $1;
            my $table2 = $2;
            croak qq{right side table of "$join_clause" must be unique }
                . _subname
              if exists $tree->{$table2};
            $tree->{$table2}
              = {position => $i, parent => $table1, join => $join_clause};
        }
        else {
            croak qq{join clause must have two table name after "on" keyword. } .
                  qq{"$join_clause" is passed }  . _subname
        }
    }
    
    # Search need tables
    my $need_tables = {};
    $self->_need_tables($tree, $need_tables, $join_tables);
    my @need_tables = sort { $tree->{$a}{position} <=> $tree->{$b}{position} } keys %$need_tables;
    
    # Add join clause
    foreach my $need_table (@need_tables) {
        push @$sql, $tree->{$need_table}{join};
    }
}

sub _quote {
    my $self = shift;
    
    return defined $self->reserved_word_quote ? $self->reserved_word_quote
         : defined $self->quote ? $self->quote
         : '';
}

sub _remove_duplicate_table {
    my ($self, $tables, $main_table) = @_;
    
    # Remove duplicate table
    my %tables = map {defined $_ ? ($_ => 1) : ()} @$tables;
    delete $tables{$main_table} if $main_table;
    
    return [keys %tables, $main_table ? $main_table : ()];
}

sub _search_tables {
    my ($self, $source) = @_;
    
    # Search tables
    my $tables = [];
    my $safety_character = $self->safety_character;
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    my $q_re = quotemeta($q);
    my $table_re = $q ? qr/(?:^|[^$safety_character])$q_re?([$safety_character]+)$q_re?\./
                      : qr/(?:^|[^$safety_character])([$safety_character]+)\./;
    while ($source =~ /$table_re/g) {
        push @$tables, $1;
    }
    
    return $tables;
}

sub _where_to_obj {
    my ($self, $where) = @_;
    
    my $obj;
    
    # Hash
    if (ref $where eq 'HASH') {
        my $clause = ['and'];
        my $q = $self->_quote;
        foreach my $column (keys %$where) {
            my $column_quote = "$q$column$q";
            $column_quote =~ s/\./$q.$q/;
            push @$clause, "$column_quote = :$column" for keys %$where;
        }
        $obj = $self->where(clause => $clause, param => $where);
    }
    
    # DBIx::Custom::Where object
    elsif (ref $where eq 'DBIx::Custom::Where') {
        $obj = $where;
    }
    
    # Array
    elsif (ref $where eq 'ARRAY') {
        $obj = $self->where(
            clause => $where->[0],
            param  => $where->[1]
        );
    }
    
    # Check where argument
    croak qq{"where" must be hash reference or DBIx::Custom::Where object}
        . qq{or array reference, which contains where clause and parameter}
        . _subname
      unless ref $obj eq 'DBIx::Custom::Where';
    
    return $obj;
}

sub _apply_filter {
    my ($self, $table, @cinfos) = @_;

    # Initialize filters
    $self->{filter} ||= {};
    $self->{filter}{out} ||= {};
    $self->{filter}{in} ||= {};
    $self->{filter}{end} ||= {};
    
    # Usage
    my $usage = "Usage: \$dbi->apply_filter(" .
                "TABLE, COLUMN1, {in => INFILTER1, out => OUTFILTER1, end => ENDFILTER1}, " .
                "COLUMN2, {in => INFILTER2, out => OUTFILTER2, end => ENDFILTER2}, ...)";
    
    # Apply filter
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @cinfos; $i += 2) {
        
        # Column
        my $column = $cinfos[$i];
        if (ref $column eq 'ARRAY') {
            foreach my $c (@$column) {
                push @cinfos, $c, $cinfos[$i + 1];
            }
            next;
        }
        
        # Filter infomation
        my $finfo = $cinfos[$i + 1] || {};
        croak "$usage (table: $table) " . _subname
          unless  ref $finfo eq 'HASH';
        foreach my $ftype (keys %$finfo) {
            croak "$usage (table: $table) " . _subname
              unless $ftype eq 'in' || $ftype eq 'out' || $ftype eq 'end'; 
        }
        
        # Set filters
        foreach my $way (qw/in out end/) {
        
            # Filter
            my $filter = $finfo->{$way};
            
            # Filter state
            my $state = !exists $finfo->{$way} ? 'not_exists'
                      : !defined $filter        ? 'not_defined'
                      : ref $filter eq 'CODE'   ? 'code'
                      : 'name';
            
            # Filter is not exists
            next if $state eq 'not_exists';
            
            # Check filter name
            croak qq{Filter "$filter" is not registered } . _subname
              if  $state eq 'name'
               && ! exists $self->filters->{$filter};
            
            # Set filter
            my $f = $state eq 'not_defined' ? undef
                  : $state eq 'code'        ? $filter
                  : $self->filters->{$filter};
            $self->{filter}{$way}{$table}{$column} = $f;
            $self->{filter}{$way}{$table}{"$table.$column"} = $f;
            $self->{filter}{$way}{$table}{"${table}__$column"} = $f;
            $self->{filter}{$way}{$table}{"${table}-$column"} = $f;
        }
    }
    
    return $self;
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub create_query {
    warn "create_query is DEPRECATED! use query option of each method";
    shift->_create_query(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub apply_filter {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "apply_filter is DEPRECATED!";
    return $self->_apply_filter(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
our %SELECT_AT_ARGS = (%SELECT_ARGS, where => 1, primary_key => 1);
sub select_at {
    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    warn "select_at is DEPRECATED! use update and id option instead";

    # Arguments
    my $primary_keys = delete $args{primary_key};
    $primary_keys = [$primary_keys] unless ref $primary_keys;
    my $where = delete $args{where};
    my $param = delete $args{param};
    
    # Check arguments
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $SELECT_AT_ARGS{$name};
    }
    
    # Table
    croak qq{"table" option must be specified } . _subname
      unless $args{table};
    my $table = ref $args{table} ? $args{table}->[-1] : $args{table};
    
    # Create where parameter
    my $where_param = $self->_create_param_from_id($where, $primary_keys);
    
    return $self->select(where => $where_param, %args);
}

# DEPRECATED!
our %DELETE_AT_ARGS = (%DELETE_ARGS, where => 1, primary_key => 1);
sub delete_at {
    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    warn "delete_at is DEPRECATED! use update and id option instead";
    
    # Arguments
    my $primary_keys = delete $args{primary_key};
    $primary_keys = [$primary_keys] unless ref $primary_keys;
    my $where = delete $args{where};
    
    # Check arguments
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $DELETE_AT_ARGS{$name};
    }
    
    # Create where parameter
    my $where_param = $self->_create_param_from_id($where, $primary_keys);
    
    return $self->delete(where => $where_param, %args);
}

# DEPRECATED!
our %UPDATE_AT_ARGS = (%UPDATE_ARGS, where => 1, primary_key => 1);
sub update_at {
    my $self = shift;

    warn "update_at is DEPRECATED! use update and id option instead";
    
    # Arguments
    my $param;
    $param = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %args = @_;
    my $primary_keys = delete $args{primary_key};
    $primary_keys = [$primary_keys] unless ref $primary_keys;
    my $where = delete $args{where};
    my $p = delete $args{param} || {};
    $param  ||= $p;
    
    # Check arguments
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $UPDATE_AT_ARGS{$name};
    }
    
    # Create where parameter
    my $where_param = $self->_create_param_from_id($where, $primary_keys);
    
    return $self->update(where => $where_param, param => $param, %args);
}

# DEPRECATED!
our %INSERT_AT_ARGS = (%INSERT_ARGS, where => 1, primary_key => 1);
sub insert_at {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "insert_at is DEPRECATED! use insert and id option instead";
    
    # Arguments
    my $param;
    $param = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %args = @_;
    my $primary_key = delete $args{primary_key};
    $primary_key = [$primary_key] unless ref $primary_key;
    my $where = delete $args{where};
    my $p = delete $args{param} || {};
    $param  ||= $p;
    
    # Check arguments
    foreach my $name (keys %args) {
        croak qq{"$name" is wrong option } . _subname
          unless $INSERT_AT_ARGS{$name};
    }
    
    # Create where parameter
    my $where_param = $self->_create_param_from_id($where, $primary_key);
    $param = $self->merge_param($where_param, $param);
    
    return $self->insert(param => $param, %args);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub register_tag {
    warn "register_tag is DEPRECATED!";
    shift->query_builder->register_tag(@_)
}

# DEPRECATED!
has 'data_source';
has dbi_options => sub { {} };
has filter_check  => 1;
has 'reserved_word_quote';

# DEPRECATED!
sub default_bind_filter {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "default_bind_filter is DEPRECATED!";
    
    if (@_) {
        my $fname = $_[0];
        
        if (@_ && !$fname) {
            $self->{default_out_filter} = undef;
        }
        else {
            croak qq{Filter "$fname" is not registered}
              unless exists $self->filters->{$fname};
        
            $self->{default_out_filter} = $self->filters->{$fname};
        }
        return $self;
    }
    
    return $self->{default_out_filter};
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub default_fetch_filter {
    my $self = shift;

    warn "default_fetch_filter is DEPRECATED!";
    
    if (@_) {
        my $fname = $_[0];

        if (@_ && !$fname) {
            $self->{default_in_filter} = undef;
        }
        else {
            croak qq{Filter "$fname" is not registered}
              unless exists $self->filters->{$fname};
        
            $self->{default_in_filter} = $self->filters->{$fname};
        }
        
        return $self;
    }
    
    return $self->{default_in_filter};
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub insert_param_tag {
    warn "insert_param_tag is DEPRECATED! " .
         "use insert_param instead!";
    return shift->insert_param(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub register_tag_processor {
    warn "register_tag_processor is DEPRECATED!";
    return shift->query_builder->register_tag_processor(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub update_param_tag {
    warn "update_param_tag is DEPRECATED! " .
         "use update_param instead";
    return shift->update_param(@_);
}
# DEPRECATED!
sub _push_relation {
    my ($self, $sql, $tables, $relation, $need_where) = @_;
    
    if (keys %{$relation || {}}) {
        push @$sql, $need_where ? 'where' : 'and';
        foreach my $rcolumn (keys %$relation) {
            my $table1 = (split (/\./, $rcolumn))[0];
            my $table2 = (split (/\./, $relation->{$rcolumn}))[0];
            push @$tables, ($table1, $table2);
            push @$sql, ("$rcolumn = " . $relation->{$rcolumn},  'and');
        }
    }
    pop @$sql if $sql->[-1] eq 'and';    
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub _add_relation_table {
    my ($self, $tables, $relation) = @_;
    
    if (keys %{$relation || {}}) {
        foreach my $rcolumn (keys %$relation) {
            my $table1 = (split (/\./, $rcolumn))[0];
            my $table2 = (split (/\./, $relation->{$rcolumn}))[0];
            my $table1_exists;
            my $table2_exists;
            foreach my $table (@$tables) {
                $table1_exists = 1 if $table eq $table1;
                $table2_exists = 1 if $table eq $table2;
            }
            unshift @$tables, $table1 unless $table1_exists;
            unshift @$tables, $table2 unless $table2_exists;
        }
    }
}

1;