MPEG::Info - Basic MPEG bitstream attribute parser.

  use strict;
  use MPEG::Info;

  my $video = MPEG::Info->new( -file => $filename );
  $video->probe();

  print $file->type;          ## MPEG

  ## Audio information
  print $file->acodec;        ## MPEG Layer 1/2
  print $file->acodecraw;     ## 80
  print $file->achans;        ## 1
  print $file->arate;         ## 128000 (bits/sec)
  print $file->astreams       ## 1

  ## Video information
  printf "%0.2f", $file->fps  ## 29.97
  print $file->height         ## 240
  print $file->width          ## 352
  print $file->vstreams       ## 1
  print $file->vcodec         ## MPEG1
  print $file->vframes        ## 529
  print $file->vrate          ## 1000000 (bits/sec)

  

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
##  Package: Info.pm
##   Author: Benjamin R. Ginter, Allen Day
##   Notice: Copyright (c) 2001 Benjamin R. Ginter, Allen Day
##  Purpose: Extract information about MPEG files.
## Comments: None
##      CVS: $Id: Info.pm,v 1.10 2002/02/13 08:27:51 synaptic Exp $
##------------------------------------------------------------------------

package MPEG::Info;

require 5.005_62;
use strict;
use warnings;
use vars qw($VERSION @ISA);

use Video::Info;
use Video::Info::Magic;

use MPEG::Info::Constants;

use MPEG::Info::Audio;
use MPEG::Info::Video;
#use MPEG::Info::System;  ## The next version will use this.  Let's release.

use constant DEBUG => 0;

@ISA = qw( Video::Info );

our %FIELDS = ( version => 1,
		size    => 0,
		);

for my $datum ( keys %FIELDS ) {
    no strict "refs"; ## to register new methods in package
    *$datum = sub {
        shift; ## XXX: ignore calling class/object
        $FIELDS{$datum} = shift if @_;
        return $FIELDS{$datum};
    }
}

our $VERSION = '1.00';

$| = 1;


1;

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Override superclass constructor
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub new {
    my $proto = shift;
    my $class = ref( $proto ) || $proto;
    my $self = { 
	offset              => 0,
#	size                => 0,
	audio_system_header => 0,
	video_system_header => 0,
#	version             => 1,
		 @_, };
    bless( $self, $class );

    ## TODO: Can these be loaded dynamically?
    ## e.g. If we have a file that contains only video, how can we avoid
    ##      compiling MPEG::Info::Audio?  Would this involve calling the
    ##      object method MPEG::Info::Audio::is_audio() before require()?
    $self->{audio} = MPEG::Info::Audio->new();
    $self->{video} = MPEG::Info::Video->new();
    # $self->{system} = MPEG::Info::System->new();
    
    ## this hyphen stuff is kind of retarded :)
    ## doesn't this date back to some perl4 thing?
    $self->handle( $self->{-file} );
    
    return $self;
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## probe()
##
## Probe the file for content type
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub probe {
    print "probe()\n" if DEBUG;
    my $self      = shift;
    $self->size( -s $self->{-file} );

    if ( $self->parse_system ) {
	  print "MPEG Audio/Video\n" if DEBUG;
	  $self->acodec($self->audio->acodecraw);
	  return 1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->audio->parse ) {
	  print "MPEG Audio Only\n" if DEBUG;
	  $self->acodec($self->audio->acodecraw);
	  $self->astreams(1); #are you sure? could be multiple audio...
	  $self->vstreams(0);
	  return 1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->video->parse ) {
	  print "MPEG Video Only\n" if DEBUG;
	  $self->vstreams(1); #are you sure? could be multiple video...
	  $self->astreams(0);
	  $self->vcodec( 'MPEG1' ) if $self->vcodec eq '';
	  return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

sub audio { $_[0]->{audio} };
sub video { $_[0]->{video} };


##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## parse_system()
##
## Parse a system stream
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub parse_system {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $fh     = $self->handle;
    my $offset = 0;

    my ( $pack_start, $pack_len, $pack_head, $packet_size, $packet_type );
    # print '-' x 74, "\n", "Parse System\n", '-' x 74, "\n";

    ## Get the first sequence start code (ssc)
    if ( !$self->next_start_code( PACK_PKT ) ) {
	print "Couldn't find packet start code\n" if DEBUG;
	return 0;
    }

    $offset = $self->{last_offset};

    # print "Found system stream start code at $self->{last_offset} $self->{offset}\n";

    if ( $self->{last_offset} > 0 ) {
        print "Warning: junk at the beginning!\n" if DEBUG;
    }

    # print "Beginning Search for system packets (audio/video)\n";

    while ( $offset <= $self->size ) {
	# print '-' x 20, '[ LOOP ]', '-' x 20, "\n";
	# print " OFFSET: $self->{offset} $offset\n";
	
	my $code = $self->next_start_code( undef, $offset );

	$offset = $self->{last_offset};
	#  printf( "Found marker '%s' (0x%02x) at %d\n", 
        #       $STREAM_ID->{$code},
        #       $code, 
        #	$offset );

	if ( $code == VIDEO_PKT || $code == AUDIO_PKT ) {
	    # print "Audio or Video @ $offset\n";
	    last;
	}

	## if this is a padding packet
	elsif ( $code == PADDING_PKT ) {
	    # print "\t\tFound Padding Packet at $offset\n";
	    $offset += $self->grab( 2, $offset + 4 );
	    # print "Skipped to $offset\n";
	    next;
	}

	## if this is a PACK
	elsif ( $code == PACK_PKT ) {
	    $self->{muxrate} = $self->get_mux_rate( $offset + 4);
	    $offset += 12;
	    next;
#	    System->muxrate = ReadPACKMuxRate(offset + 4);
#	    offset += 12;   ## standard pack length
#		continue;
	}
	
	## No more guessing
	elsif ( $code != SYS_PKT ) {
	    # printf( "1: Unhandled packet encountered '%s' ( 0x%02x ) at offset %d\n", 
	    #	    $STREAM_ID->{$code},
	    #	    $code, 
	    #	    $offset );
	    $offset += 4;
	    next;
	}

	## It has to be a system packet
	## print "Expecting PACK system start packet\n";

	## Check for variable length PACK in mpeg2
	my $real_offset = $offset;
	if ( !$self->next_start_code( PACK_PKT, 0 ) ) {
	    print "Can't find system sequence start code!\n" if DEBUG;
	    return 0;
	}
	
	# printf "Found start of pack marker at %d.\n", $self->{last_offset};

	## Found a PACK before system packet, compute it's size (mpeg1 != mpeg2)
	$pack_start = $self->{last_offset};
	$pack_len   = 0;
	$pack_head  = $self->get_byte( $pack_start + 4 );

	# printf "pack_head: 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x\n", $pack_head, $pack_head & 0xf0, $pack_head & 0xc0;
	if ( ( $pack_head & 0xF0 ) == 0x20 ) {
	  $self->vcodec('MPEG1');
	    print "MPEG1\n" if DEBUG;
	    $pack_len = 12;
	}
	else {
	    if ( ( $pack_head & 0xC0 ) == 0x40 ) {
		## new mpeg2 pack : 14 bytes + stuffing
		  $self->vcodec('MPEG2');
		print "MPEG2\n" if DEBUG;
		$pack_len = 14 + $self->get_byte( $pack_start + 13 ) & 0x07;
	    }
	    else {
		## whazzup?!
		printf "Weird pack encountered! 0x%02x\n", $pack_head if DEBUG;
		$pack_len = 12;
	    }
	}

	if ( $pack_start + $pack_len != $offset ) {
	    print "FATAL: The PACK Start offset + length don't match the current offset!\n" if DEBUG;
	    print "FATAL: $pack_start + $pack_len != $offset\n" if DEBUG;
## While we should be dying here, it doesn't seem to hurt if we don't?
# ??	    die;
	}

	## let's go
	if ( !$self->parse_system_packet( $offset, $pack_start ) ) {
	    print "Strange number of packets!\n" if DEBUG;
	    die;
	}

	# print "\n", '-' x 74, "\nResume Parse System\n", '-' x 74, "\n";

	$packet_size = $self->grab( 2, $offset + 4 );
	$packet_type = $self->get_byte( $offset + 12 );
	# print "Packet Size: $packet_size\n";
	# printf "Packet Type: $packet_type '%s' (0x%02x)\n", 
	#    $STREAM_ID->{$packet_type},
	#    $packet_type;

	my $byte = $self->get_byte( $offset + 15 );
	# printf "Fetched: '%s' (0x%02x)\n", $STREAM_ID->{$byte}, $byte;
	if ( $byte == AUDIO_PKT || $byte == VIDEO_PKT ) {
	    # print "System packet with both audio and video\n";
	    $packet_type = VIDEO_PKT;
	}
       
	## I've never seen a pack with a leading audio packet though
	## that might be because i force the packet type to VIDEO.  
	## Man, a spec would be so nice. :)
	## 
	## TODO: Actually fetch the audio and video header and use 
	##       the stored data when parsing the audio and video.

	my $audio_header_len = 0;
	my $video_header_len = 0;

	if ( $packet_type == AUDIO_PKT ) {
	    ## check for multiple audio system packet headers
	    # print "Audio\n";
	    
	    if ( $self->{audio_system_header} != 0 ) {
		print "Warning: two or more audio system headers encountered ( $offset )\n" if DEBUG;
		undef $self->{audio_system_header};
	    }

	    seek $fh, $offset - $pack_len, 0;
	    $audio_header_len = $pack_len + 4 + 2 + $packet_size;
	    
	    if ( read( $fh, $self->{audio_system_header}, $audio_header_len ) != $audio_header_len ) {
		print "Couldn't read the audio system header\n" if DEBUG;
		return 0;
	    }

	}
	elsif ( $packet_type == VIDEO_PKT ) {
	    ## check for multiple video system packet headers
	    if ( $self->{video_system_header} != 0 ) {
		print "Warning: two or more video system headers encountered ( $offset )\n" if DEBUG;
		undef $self->{audio_system_header};
	    }

	    $video_header_len = $pack_len + 6 + $packet_size;

	    ## keep track of the initial timestamp
	    if ( $pack_len == 12 ) {
		$self->{initial_ts} = $self->read_ts( $offset - $pack_len, 0 );
	    }
	    else {
		$self->{initial_ts} = $self->read_ts( $offset - $pack_len, 1 );
	    }
	    
	    seek $fh, $offset - $pack_len, 0;

	    if ( read( $fh, $self->{video_system_header}, $video_header_len ) != $video_header_len ) {
		print "Couldn't read the video system header\n" if DEBUG;
		return 0;
	    }
	}
	else {
	    printf "Unknown system packet '%s', %x @ $offset\n", $STREAM_ID->{$packet_type},
	                                                         $packet_type if DEBUG;
	    return 0;
	}

	$offset += 4;
    }

    ## okay, this is a miracle but we have what we wanted here

    ## hey wait, are we really ok?
    # print "\n\nVerifying video_system_header exists...";
    if ( !$self->{video_system_header} ) {
	# print "Didn't find any video system header in this mpeg system file\n";
	return 0;
    }
    # print "OK\n";

    ## okay, let's go on and find the video and audio infos

    ## video!
    # print "1. Finding sequence start code...";
    if ( !$self->next_start_code( SEQ_HEAD, $offset ) ) {
	print "Didn't find any video sequence header in this MPEG system file!\n" if DEBUG;
	return 0;
    }
    # print "OK ($offset $self->{offset} $self->{last_offset})\n";

    # print "Parsing Video at offset $offset\n";
    ## mmm k, we have the video sequence header
    if ( !$self->video->parse( $offset ) ) {
	print "parse_system: call to parse_video() failed\n" if DEBUG;
	return 0;
    }
    # print "OK\n";

    ## now get the pack and the packet header just before the video sequence
    if ( !$self->next_start_code( PACK_PKT, 0 ) ) {
	print "Didn't find any PACK before video sequence\n" if DEBUG;
	return 0;
    }
    # print "Got previous PACK: $offset $self->{offset} $self->{last_offset}\n";

    ## pack doesn't necessarily precede video sequence
    # print "Getting next\n";
    if ( !$self->next_start_code( VIDEO_PKT, $self->{last_offset} ) ) {
	print "Couldn't find video start code!\n" if DEBUG;
	die;
    }
    # print "Got VIDEO start code: $offset $self->{offset} $self->{last_offset}\n";

    my $main_offset = $offset;
    print "Finding audio\n" if DEBUG;
    if ( $self->next_start_code( AUDIO_PKT, $offset ) ) {
	print "Found it\n" if DEBUG;
	my $audio_offset = $self->skip_packet_header( $self->{last_offset} );
	# print "AUDIO OFFSET: $audio_offset $self->{last_offset} \n";
	
	AUDIO: while ( !$self->audio->parse( $audio_offset ) ) {
	    ## mm, audio packet doesn't begin with FFF
	    while ( $audio_offset < $self->size - 10 ) {
		if ( $self->audio->parse( $audio_offset ) ) {
		    last AUDIO;
		}
		
		$audio_offset++; ## is this ok?
	    }
	}
	# print "Parsed audio OK!\n";

    }        

## hrm, what is this
#      $offset = $self->{last_offset};
#      print "\tSearching for video stop code at $offset $self->{offset}\n";
#      while ( 1 ) {
#    	if ( $self->next_start_code( SEQ_HEAD, $offset ) ) {
#    	    print "\t\tFound video stop code 0x000001b3 at $offset $self->{last_offset}\n";
#   	    last;
#    	}
#    	$offset += 4;
#      }

    ## seek the file duration by fetching the last PACK
    ## and reading its timestamp
    ## Grab 13 bytes because a PACK is at least 12 bytes

    if ( $self->next_start_code( PACK_PKT, $self->size - 2500 ) ) {
	# print "Found final PACK at $self->{last_offset}\n";
    }
    # $self->{last_offset} = 2530997;
    my $byte = $self->get_byte( $self->{last_offset} + 4 );
    # printf "0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x\n", $byte, $byte & 0xF0, $byte & 0xC0;
  
    ## see if it's a standard MPEG1
    if ( $byte & 0xF0 == 0x20 ) {
	$self->duration( $self->read_ts( 1, $self->{last_offset} + 4 ) );
    }
    ## no?
    else {
	## Is it MPEG2?
	if ( $byte & 0xC0 == 0x40 ) {
	    print "TS: ", $self->read_ts( 2, $self->{last_offset} + 4 ), "\n" if DEBUG;
	}
	## try mpeg1 anyway
	else {
	    $self->duration( $self->read_ts( 1, $self->{last_offset} + 4) );
	}
    }
    

    return 1;
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## parse_system_packet()
##
## Parse a system packet
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub parse_system_packet {
    my $self         = shift;
    my $packet_start = shift;
    my $pack_start   = shift;

    if ( !defined $packet_start || !defined $pack_start ) {
	die "parse_system_packet( packet_start, pack_start )\n";
    }

    # print "\n", '-' x 74, "\nParse System Packet\n", '-' x 74, "\n";

    my $size = $self->grab( 2, $packet_start + 4 );

    $size -= 6; ## ??
    
    ## TODO: Check if there's already a system packet
    if ( $size % 3 != 0 ) {
	return 0;
    }
    # else {
    #	printf("%d streams found\n", $size/3);
    # }

    for ( my $i = 0; $i < $size / 3; $i++ ) {
	my $code = $self->get_byte( $packet_start + 12 + $i * 3 );
	
	if ( ( $code & 0xf0 ) == AUDIO_PKT ) {
	    # print "Audio Stream\n";
	    $self->{astreams}++;
	}
	elsif ( ( $code & 0xf0 ) == VIDEO_PKT || ( $code & 0xf0 ) == 0xD0 ) {
	    # print "Video Stream\n";
	    $self->{vstreams}++;
	}
    }

    $self->astreams( $self->{astreams} );
    $self->vstreams( $self->{vstreams} );
    # print "\t", $self->astreams, " audio\n";
    # print "\t", $self->vstreams, " video\n";

    return 1;
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## parse_user_data()
##
## Parse user data (usually encoder version, etc.)
##
## TODO: Can we use this for annotating video?
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub parse_user_data {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $offset = shift;

    # print "\n", '-' x 74, "\nParse User Data\n", '-' x 74, "\n";

    $self->next_start_code( undef, $offset + 1 );
    
    my $all_printable = 1;
    my $size          = $self->{last_offset} - $offset - 4;

    return 0 if $size <= 0;
    
    for ( my $i = $offset + 4; $i < $self->{last_offset}; $i++ ) {
	my $char = $self->get_byte( $i );
	if ( $char < 0x20  &&  $char != 0x0A  && $char != 0x0D ) {
	    $all_printable = 0;
	    last;
	}
    }
    
    if ( $all_printable ) {
	my $data;

	for ( my $i = 0; $i < $size; $i++ ) {
	    $data .= chr( $self->get_byte( $offset + 4 + $i ) );
	    
	}
	$self->{userdata} = $data;
	$self->comments( $data );
	# print $data, "\n";
    }
    
    return 1;
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## parse_extension()
##
## Parse extensions to MPEG.. hrm, I need some examples to really test
## this. 
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub parse_extension {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $offset = ( shift ) + 4;
    
    my $code = $self->get_byte( $offset ) >> 4;
    
    if ( $code == 1 ) {
	return $self->parse_seq_ext( $offset );
    }
    elsif ( $code == 2 ) {
	return $self->parse_seq_display_ext( $offset );
    }
    else {
	die "Unknown Extension: $code\n";
    }
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## parse_seq_ext()
##
## This stuff gets stored in the hashref $self->{sext}.  It will also
## modify width, height, vrate, and fps
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub parse_seq_ext {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $offset = shift;
    
    ## We are an MPEG-2 file
    $self->version( 2 );

    my $byte1 = $self->get_byte( $offset + 1 );
    my $byte2 = $self->get_byte( $offset + 2 );

    ## Progressive scan mode?
    if ( $byte1 & 0x08 ) {
	$self->{sext}->{progressive} = 1;
    }
    
    ## Chroma format
    $self->{sext}->{chroma_format} = ( $byte1 & 0x06 ) >> 1;

    ## Width
    my $hsize = ( $byte1 & 0x01 ) << 1;
    $hsize   |= ( $byte2 & 80 ) >> 7;
    $hsize  <<= 12;
    return 0 if !$self->{vstreams};
    $self->{width} |= $hsize;
    
    ## Height
    $self->{height} |= ( $byte2 & 0x60 ) << 7;;
    
    ## Video Bitrate
    my $bitrate = ( $byte2 & 0x1F ) << 7;
    $bitrate   |= ( $self->get_byte( $offset + 3 ) & 0xFE ) >> 1;
    $bitrate  <<= 18;
    $self->{vrate} |= $bitrate;

    ## Delay
    if ( $self->get_byte( $offset + 5 ) & 0x80 ) {
	$self->{sext}->{low_delay} = 1;
    }
    else {
	$self->{sext}->{low_delay} = 0;
    }

    ## Frame Rate
    my $frate_n = ( $self->get_byte( $offset + 5 ) & 0x60 ) >> 5;
    my $frate_d = ( $self->get_byte( $offset + 5 ) & 0x1F );
    
    $frate_n++; 
    $frate_d++;
    
    $self->{fps} = ( $self->{fps} * $frate_n ) / $frate_d;
    
    return 1;
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## parse_seq_display_ext()
## 
## man, some specs would be nice
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub parse_seq_display_ext {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $offset = shift;
    
    my @codes = ();
    
    for ( 0..4 ) {
	push @codes, $self->get_byte( $offset + $_ );
    }

    $self->{dext}->{video_format} = ( $codes[0] & 0x0E ) >> 1;
    
    if ( $codes[0] & 0x01 ) {
	$self->{dext}->{colour_prim}   = $codes[1];
	$self->{dext}->{transfer_char} = $codes[2];
	$self->{dext}->{matrix_coeff}  = $codes[3];
	$offset += 3;
    }
    else {
	$self->{dext}->{color_prim}    = 0;
	$self->{dext}->{transfer_char} = 0;
	$self->{dext}->{matrix_coeff}  = 0;
    }

    $self->{dext}->{h_display_size} = $codes[1] << 6;
    $self->{dext}->{h_display_size} |= ( $codes[2] & 0xFC ) >> 2;
    
    $self->{dext}->{v_display_size} = ( $codes[2] & 0x01 ) << 13;
    $self->{dext}->{v_display_size} |= $codes[3] << 5;
    $self->{dext}->{v_display_size} |= ( $codes[4] & 0xF8 ) >> 3;

    return 1;
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## next_start_code()
##
## Find the next sequence start code
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub next_start_code {
    my $self       = shift;
    my $start_code = shift;
    my $offset     = shift;
    my $debug      = shift || 0;

    my $fh         = $self->handle;

    $offset = $self->{offset} if !defined $offset;
    my $skip = 4;
    if ( !$offset ) {
	$skip = 1 if !defined $offset;
    }

#    print "Bytes Per Iteration: $skip\n" if $debug;
#    print "Got $start_code $offset $debug\n" if defined $start_code && $debug;

    print "Seeking to $offset\n" if $offset != $self->{offset} && DEBUG;
    seek $fh, $offset, 0;

    # die "CALLER: ", ref( $self ), " OFFSET: $offset\n";
    while ( $offset <= $self->size - 4 ) {
	# print "Grabbing 4 bytes from $offset\n";
	my $code = $self->grab( 4, $offset );
	my ( $a, $b, $c, $d ) = unpack( 'C4', pack( "N", $code ) );

	# printf "Found 0x%02x\n", $d;
	if ( $a == 0x00 && $b == 0x00 && $c == 0x01 ) {
	    if ( defined $start_code ) {
		if ( ref( $start_code ) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
		    foreach my $sc ( @$start_code ) {
			if ( $sc == $d ) {
			    print "Got it @ $offset!\n" if DEBUG;
			    $self->{last_offset} = $offset;
			    return 1;
			}
		    }
		} 
		else {
		    if ( $d == $start_code ) {
			print "Got it @ $offset!\n" if DEBUG;
			$self->{last_offset} = $offset;
			return 1;
		    }
		}
	    }
	    else {
		$self->{last_offset} = $offset;
		return $d;
	    }
	}
#	else {
#	    printf "Skipping 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x @ offset %d\n", $a, $b, $c, $d, $offset;
#	}
	
	$offset++;
    }

    return 0 if defined $start_code;

    die "No More Sequence Start Codes Found!\n";
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## get_mux_rate()
##
## Calculate the mux rate
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub get_mux_rate {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $offset = shift || $self->{offset};

    my $muxrate = 0;

    my $byte = $self->get_byte( $offset );

    if ( ( $byte & 0xC0 ) == 0x40 ) {
	$muxrate  = $self->get_byte( $offset + 6 ) << 14;
	$muxrate |= $self->get_byte( $offset + 7 ) << 6;
	$muxrate |= $self->get_byte( $offset + 8 ) >> 2;
    }
    else {
	## maybe mpeg1
	if ( ( $byte & 0xf0 ) != 0x20 ) {
	    print "Weird pack header while parsing muxrate (offset ", $offset, ")\n" if DEBUG;
	    # die;
	}

	$muxrate  = ( $self->get_byte( $offset + 5 ) & 0x7f ) << 15;
	$muxrate |=   $self->get_byte( $offset + 6 ) << 7;
	$muxrate |=   $self->get_byte( $offset + 7 ) >> 1;
    }
    
    $muxrate *= 50;
    return $muxrate;
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## grab()
##
## Grab n bytes from current offset
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub grab {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $bytes  = shift || 1;
    my $offset = shift;
    my $debug  = shift || 0;

    my $data;
    my $fh     = $self->handle or die "Can't get filehandle: $!\n";

    $offset = $self->{offset} if !defined $offset;

    # print "GRAB: $fh $offset $bytes (called from ", ref( $self ), ")\n";

    ## Would it be good to cache the bytes we've read to avoid the penalty
    ## of a seek() and read() at the expense of memory?

    # print "grab: seeking to $offset to grab $bytes bytes\n";
    if ( tell( $fh ) != $offset ) {
	seek( $fh, $offset, 0 );
    }
    
    read( $fh, $data, $bytes );

    my $type;

    if ( $bytes == 1 ) {
	$type = 'C';
	# return unpack( 'C', $data );
    }
    elsif ( $bytes == 2 ) {
	$type = 'n';
	# return unpack( 'n', $data );
    }
    elsif ( $bytes == 4 ) {
	$type = 'N';
	# return unpack( 'N', $data );
    }
    else {
	return $data;
    }

    $data = unpack( $type, $data );
#      if ( defined $START_CODE->{ $data } ) {
#  	print "START CODE: $START_CODE->{ $data }\n";
#      }
#      elsif ( defined $STREAM_ID->{$data} ) {
#  	print "STREAM ID: $STREAM_ID->{ $data }\n";
#      }

    return $data;
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## get_byte()
##
## Return a byte from the specified offset
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub get_byte {
    my $self = shift;
    return $self->grab( 1, shift );
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## skip_packet_header()
##
## Skip a packet header
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub skip_packet_header {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $offset = shift;

    if ( $self->version == 1 ) {
	## skip startcode and packet size
	$offset += 6;

	## remove stuffing bytes
	my $byte = $self->get_byte( $offset );

	while ( $byte & 0x80 ) {
	    $byte = $self->get_byte( ++$offset );
	}

	## next two bytes are 01
	if ( ( $byte & 0xC0 ) == 0x40 ) {
	    $offset += 2;
	}
	
	$byte = $self->get_byte( $offset );

	if ( $byte & 0xF0 == 0x20 ) {
	    $offset += 5;
	}
	elsif ( $byte & 0xF0 == 0x30 ) {
	    $offset += 10;
	}
	else {
	    $offset++;
	}
	
	return $offset;
    }
    elsif ( $self->version == 2 ) {
	## this is a PES, easyer
	## offset + 9 is the header length (-9)
	return $offset + 9 + ( $self->get_byte + 8 );
    }
    else {
	return $offset + 10;
    }
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## read_ts()
##
## Read an MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 timestamp
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub read_ts {
    my $self   = shift;
    my $type   = shift;
    my $offset = shift;

    my $ts = 0;

    if ( $type == 1 ) {
	my $highbit   = (   $self->get_byte( $offset     ) >> 3  ) & 0x01;
	my $low4bytes = ( ( $self->get_byte( $offset     ) >> 1  ) & 0x30 ) << 30;
	$low4bytes   |= (   $self->get_byte( $offset + 1 ) << 22 );
	$low4bytes   |= ( ( $self->get_byte( $offset + 2 ) >> 1  ) << 15 );
	$low4bytes   |= (   $self->get_byte( $offset + 3 ) << 7  );
	$low4bytes   |= (   $self->get_byte( $offset + 4 ) >> 1  );

	$ts = $highbit * ( 1 << 16 );
	$ts += $low4bytes;
	$ts /= 90000;
    }
    elsif ( $type == 2 ) {
	print "Define mpeg-2 timestamps\n" if DEBUG;
    }
    return $ts;

}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## get_header()
##
## Grab the four bytes we need for the header
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub get_header {
    my $self = shift;

    ## we only need these four bytes
    ## should do this differently though :|
    return [ $self->get_byte( $self->{offset} ), 
	     $self->get_byte( $self->{offset} + 1 ),
	     $self->get_byte( $self->{offset} + 2 ),
	     $self->get_byte( $self->{offset} + 3 ) ];
    
}

##------------------------------------------------------------------------
## vframes()
## this is just calculated given fps and duration.  MPEG doesn't contain
## this information in the file directly
##------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub vframes(){
  my $self = shift;
  return int($self->duration * $self->fps) if $self->duration;
  return 0;
}


# Preloaded methods go here.

__END__
# Below is stub documentation for your module. You better edit it!