Net::TFTP - TFTP Client class

    use Net::TFTP;

    $tftp = Net::TFTP->new("some.host.name", BlockSize => 1024);

    $tftp->ascii;

    $tftp->get("remotefile", "localfile");

    $tftp->get("remotefile", \*STDOUT);

    $fh = $tftp->get("remotefile");

    $tftp->binary;

    $tftp->put("localfile", "remotefile");

    $tftp->put(\*STDOUT, "remotefile");

    $fh = $tftp->put("remotefile");

    $err = $tftp->error

 RFC2348 Blocksize Option

# Net::TFTP.pm
#
# Copyright (c) 1998,2007 Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com>. All rights reserved.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

package Net::TFTP;

use strict;
use vars qw($VERSION);
use IO::File;

$VERSION = "0.19";

sub RRQ	  () { 01 } # read request
sub WRQ	  () { 02 } # write request
sub DATA  () { 03 } # data packet
sub ACK	  () { 04 } # acknowledgement
sub ERROR () { 05 } # error code
sub OACK  () { 06 } # option acknowledgement

my @NAME = qw(. RRQ WRQ DATA ACK ERR OACK);

sub new {
    my $pkg = shift;
    my $host = shift;

    	bless {
		Debug 		=> 0,   	# Debug off
		Timeout 	=> 5,   	# resend after 5 seconds
		Retries 	=> 5,   	# resend max 5 times
		Port 		=> 69,  	# tftp port number
		BlockSize 	=> 0,   	# use default blocksize (512)
		IpMode		=> 'v4',	# Operate in IPv6 mode, off by default
		Mode 		=> 'netascii',	# transfer in netascii
		@_,				# user overrides
		Host 		=> $host,	# the hostname
	}, $pkg;
}

sub timeout {
    my $self = shift;
    my $v = $self->{'Timeout'};
    $self->{'Timeout'} = 0 + shift if @_;
    $v
}

sub debug {
    my $self = shift;
    my $v = $self->{'Debug'};
    $self->{'Debug'} = 0 + shift if @_;
    $v
}

sub port {
    my $self = shift;
    my $v = $self->{'Port'};
    $self->{'Port'} = 0 + shift if @_;
    $v
}

sub retries {
    my $self = shift;
    my $v = $self->{'Retries'};
    $self->{'Retries'} = 0 + shift if @_;
    $v
}

sub block_size {
    my $self = shift;
    my $v = $self->{'BlockSize'};
    $self->{'BlockSize'} = 0 + shift if @_;
    $v
}

sub host {
    my $self = shift;
    my $v = $self->{'Host'};
    $self->{'Host'} = shift if @_;
    $v
}

sub ip_mode {
    my $self = shift;
    my $v = $self->{'IpMode'};
    $self->{'IpMode'} = shift if @_;
    $v
}

sub ascii {
    $_[0]->mode('netascii');
}

sub binary {
    $_[0]->mode('octet');
}

BEGIN {
    *netascii = \&ascii;
    *octet    = \&binary;
}

sub mode {
    my $self = shift;
    my $v = $self->{'Mode'};
    $self->{'Mode'} = lc($_[0]) eq "netascii" ? "netascii" : "octet"
	if @_;
    $v
}

sub error {
    my $self = shift;
    exists $self->{'error'}
	? $self->{'error'}
	: undef;
}

sub get {
    my($self,$remote) = splice(@_,0,2);
    my $local = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %arg = ( %$self, @_ );

    delete $self->{'error'};

    my $io  = Net::TFTP::IO->new($self,\%arg,RRQ,$remote);

    return $io
	unless defined($local) && defined($io);

    my $file = $local;
    unless(ref($local)) {
	$local = IO::File->new($file,O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT);
        unless ($local) {
                $self->{'error'} = "Can not open $file: $!";
                return undef;
        }
    }

    binmode $local if $self->{'Mode'} eq 'octet';

    my($len,$pkt);
    while($len = sysread($io,$pkt,10240)) {
	if($len < 0) {
	    $self->{'error'} = $io->error;
	    last;
	}
	elsif(syswrite($local,$pkt,length($pkt)) < 0) {
	    $self->{'error'} = "$!";
	    last;
	}
    }

    close($local)
	unless ref($file);

    $self->{'error'} = $io->error
	unless(close($io));

    exists $self->{'error'} ? undef : 1;
}

sub put {
    my($self,$remote) = splice(@_,0,2);
    my $local;
    ($local,$remote) = ($remote,shift) if @_ %2;
    my %arg = (%$self,@_);

    delete $self->{'error'};

    my $file;
    if (defined $local) {
	$file = $local;
	unless(ref($local)) {
	    unless ($local = IO::File->new($file,O_RDONLY)) {
		$self->{'error'} = "$file: $!";
		return undef;
	    }
	}
    }

    my $io  = Net::TFTP::IO->new($self,\%arg,WRQ,$remote);

    return $io
	unless defined($local) && defined($io);

    binmode $local if $self->{'Mode'} eq 'octet';

    my($len,$pkt);
    while($len = sysread($local,$pkt,10240)) {
	if($len < 0) {
	    $self->{'error'} = "$!";
	    last;
	}
	elsif(($len=syswrite($io,$pkt,length($pkt))) < 0) {
	    $self->{'error'} = $io->error;
	    last;
	}
    }

    close($local)
	unless ref($file);

    $self->{'error'} = $io->error
	unless(close($io));

    exists $self->{'error'} ? undef : 1;
}

package Net::TFTP::IO;

use vars qw(@ISA);
use IO::Socket;
use IO::Select;

@ISA = qw(IO::Handle);

sub new {
    my($pkg,$tftp,$opts,$op,$remote) = @_;
    my $io = $pkg->SUPER::new;

    $opts->{'Mode'} = lc($opts->{'Mode'});
    $opts->{'IpMode'} = lc($opts->{'IpMode'});
    $opts->{'Mode'} = "netascii"
	unless $opts->{'Mode'} eq "octet";
    $opts->{'ascii'} = lc($opts->{'Mode'}) eq "netascii";

    my $host = $opts->{'Host'};
    do {
            $tftp->{'error'} = "No hostname given";
            return undef;
    } unless defined($host);

    ## jjmb - had to make an adjustment here the logic used originally does not work well
    ##        with IPv6.
    my $port = undef;
    if($opts->{'IpMode'} eq "v6") {
	    require Socket6;
	    require IO::Socket::INET6;
    	$port = $opts->{'Port'};
    } else {
    	$port = $host =~ s/:(\d+)$// ? $1 : $opts->{'Port'};
    }
    my $addr = inet_aton($host);

    ## jjmb - added some logic here for the time being to prevent some errors from showing
    if($opts->{'IpMode'} eq "v6") {
            # Skipping validation
     } else {
	    unless($addr) {
		$tftp->{'error'} = "Bad hostname '$host'";
		return undef;
	    }
    }

    ## jjmb - need to construct different objects depending on the IP version used
    my $sock = undef;
    if($opts->{'IpMode'} eq "v6") {
    	$sock = IO::Socket::INET6->new(PeerAddr => $opts->{'Host'}, Port => $opts->{'Port'}, Proto => 'udp');
    } else {
    	$sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(Proto => 'udp');
    }

    my $mode = $opts->{'Mode'};
    my $pkt  = pack("n a* c a* c", $op, $remote, 0, $mode, 0);

    if($opts->{'BlockSize'} > 0) {
	$pkt .= sprintf("blksize\0%d\0",$opts->{'BlockSize'});
    }

    my $read = $op == Net::TFTP::RRQ;

    my $sel = IO::Select->new($sock);

    @{$opts}{'read','sock','sel','pkt','blksize'}
	= ($read,$sock,$sel,$pkt,512);

    if($read) { # read
	@{$opts}{'ibuf','icr','blk'} = ('',0,1);
    }
    else { # write
	@{$opts}{'obuf','blk','ack'} = ('',0,-1);
    }

    if($tftp->{'IpMode'} eq "v6") {
    	send($sock,$pkt,0,Socket6::sockaddr_in6($port,Socket6::inet_pton(AF_INET6,$host)));
    } else {
    	send($sock,$pkt,0,pack_sockaddr_in($port,inet_aton($host)));
    }
    _dumppkt($sock,1,$pkt) if $opts->{'Debug'};

    tie *$io, "Net::TFTP::IO",$opts;
    $io;
}

sub error {
    my $self = shift;
    my $tied = UNIVERSAL::isa($self,'GLOB') && tied(*$self) || $self;
    exists $tied->{'error'} ? $tied->{'error'} : undef;
}

sub TIEHANDLE {
    my $pkg = shift;
    bless shift , $pkg;
}

sub PRINT {
    my $self = shift;
    # Simulate print
    my $buf = join(defined($,) ? $, : "",@_) . defined($\) ? $\ : "";

    # and with the proposed ?? syntax that would be 
    # $buf = join($, ?? "", @_) . $\ ?? "";

    $self->WRITE($buf,length($buf));
}

sub WRITE {
    # $self, $buf, $len, $offset
    my $self = shift;
    my $buf = substr($_[0],$_[2] || 0,$_[1]);
    my $offset = 0;

    $buf =~ s/([\n\r])/$1 eq "\n" ? "\015\012" : "\015\0"/soge
	if ($self->{'ascii'});

    $self->{'obuf'} .= substr($buf,$offset);

    while(length($self->{'obuf'}) >= $self->{'blksize'}) {
	return -1 if _write($self,1) < 0;
    }

    $_[1];
}

sub READLINE {
    my $self = shift;

    # return undef (ie eof) unless we have an input buffer
    return undef
	if exists $self->{'error'} || !exists $self->{'ibuf'};

    _read($self,0);

    while(1) {
	my $sep;
	# if $/ is undef then we slurp the whole file
	if(defined($sep = $/)) {
	    # if $/ eq "" then we need to do paragraph mode
	    unless(length($sep)) {
		# when doing paragraph mode remove all leading \n's
		$self->{'ibuf'} =~ s/^\n+//s;
		$sep = "\n\n";
	    }
	    my $offset = index($self->{'ibuf'},$sep);
	    if($offset >= 0) {
		my $len = $offset+length($sep);
		# With 5.005 I could use the 4-arg substr
		my $ret = substr($self->{'ibuf'},0,$len);
		substr($self->{'ibuf'},0,$len) = "";

		return $ret;
	    }
	}

	my $res = _read($self,1);

	next if $res > 0; # We have some more, but do we have enough ?

	if ($res < 0) {
	    # We have encountered an error, so 
	    # force subsequent reads to return eof
	    delete $self->{'ibuf'};

	    # And return undef (ie eof)
	    return undef; 
	}

	# $res == 0 so there is no more data to read, just return
	# the buffer contents
	return delete $self->{'ibuf'};
    }

    # NOT REACHED
    return;
}

sub READ {
    # $self, $buf, $len, $offset

    my $self = shift;

    return undef
	if exists $self->{'error'};

    return 0
	unless exists $self->{'ibuf'};

    my $ret = length($self->{'ibuf'});

    unless ($self->{'eof'}) {
        # If there is any data waiting, read it and ask for more
        _read($self,0);

        #  read until we have enough
        while(($ret = length($self->{'ibuf'})) < $_[1]) {
	    last unless _read($self,1) > 0;
        }
    }

    # Did we encounter an error
    return undef
	if exists $self->{'error'};

    # we may have too much
    $ret = $_[1]
	if $_[1] < $ret;

    # We are simulating read() so we may have to insert into $_[0]
    if($ret) {
	if($_[2]) {
	    substr($_[0],$_[2]) = substr($self->{'ibuf'},0,$ret);
	}
	else {
	    $_[0] = substr($self->{'ibuf'},0,$ret);
	}

	# remove what we placed into $_[0]
	substr($self->{'ibuf'},0,$ret) = "";
    }

    # If we are returning less than what was asked for
    # then the next call must return eof
    delete $self->{'ibuf'}
	if $self->{'eof'} && length($self->{'ibuf'}) == 0 ;

    $ret;
}

sub CLOSE {
    my $self = shift;

    if (exists $self->{'sock'} && !exists $self->{'closing'}) {
	$self->{'closing'} = 1;
	if ($self->{'read'} ) {
	    unless ($self->{'eof'}) {
		my $pkt = pack("nna*c",Net::TFTP::ERROR,0,"Premature close",0);
		_dumppkt($self->{'sock'},1,$pkt) if $self->{'Debug'};
		send($self->{'sock'},$pkt,0,$self->{'peer'})
		    if $self->{'peer'};
	    }
	}
	else {
	    # Clear the buffer
	    unless(exists $self->{'error'}) {
        	while(length($self->{'obuf'}) >= $self->{'blksize'}) {
		    last if _write($self) < 0;
        	}

		# Send the last block
        	$self->{'blksize'} = length($self->{'obuf'});
        	_write($self) unless(exists $self->{'error'});

		# buffer is empty so blksize=1 will ensure I do not send
		# another packet, but just wait for the ACK
        	$self->{'blksize'} = 1;
        	_write($self) unless(exists $self->{'error'});
	    }
	}
	close(delete $self->{'sock'});
    }

    exists $self->{'error'} ? 0 : 1;
}

# _natoha($data,$cr) - Convert netascii -> host text
# updates both input args
sub _natoha {
    use vars qw($buf $cr);
    local *buf = \$_[0];
    local *cr  = \$_[1];
    my $last = substr($buf,-1);
    if($cr) {
	my $ch = ord(substr($buf,0,1));
	if($ch == 012) {		# CR.LF => \n
	    substr($buf,0,1) = "\n";
	}
	elsif($ch == 0) {		# CR.NUL => \r
	    substr($buf,0,1) = "\r";
	}
	else {
	    # Hm, badly formed netascii
	    substr($buf,0,0) = "\015";
	}
    }

    if(ord($last) eq 015) {
	substr($buf,-1) = "";
	$cr = 1;
    }
    else {
	$cr = 0;
    }

    $buf =~ s/\015\0/\r/sg;
    $buf =~ s/\015\012/\n/sg;

    1;
}

sub _abort {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->{'error'} ||= 'Protocol error';
    $self->{'eof'} = 1;
    my $pkt = pack("nna*c",Net::TFTP::ERROR,0,$self->{'error'},0);
    send($self->{'sock'},$pkt,0,$self->{'peer'})
	if exists $self->{'peer'};
    CLOSE($self);
    -1;
}

# _read: The guts of the reading
#
# returns
#   >0 size of data read
#    0 eof
#   <0 error

sub _read {
    my($self,$wait) = @_;

    return -1 if exists $self->{'error'};
    return 0 if $self->{'eof'};

    my $sock    = $self->{'sock'} || return -1;
    my $select  = $self->{'sel'};
    my $timeout = $wait ? $self->{'Timeout'} : 0;
    my $retry   = 0;

    while(1) {
	if($select->can_read($timeout)) {
	    my $ipkt = ''; # will be filled by _recv
	    my($peer,$code,$blk) = _recv($self,$ipkt)
		or return _abort($self);

	    redo unless defined($peer); # do not send ACK to real peer

	    if($code == Net::TFTP::DATA) {
		# If we receive a packet we are not expecting
		# then ACK the last packet again

		if($blk == $self->{'blk'}) {
		    $self->{'blk'} = $blk+1;
		    my $data = substr($ipkt,4);

		    _natoha($data,$self->{'icr'})
			if($self->{'ascii'});

		    $self->{'ibuf'} .= $data;

		    my $opkt = $self->{'pkt'} = pack("nn", Net::TFTP::ACK,$blk);
		    send($sock,$opkt,0,$peer);

		    _dumppkt($sock,1,$opkt)
			if $self->{'Debug'};

		    $self->{'eof'} = 1
			if ( length($ipkt) < ($self->{'blksize'} + 4) );

		    return length($data);
		}
		elsif($blk < $self->{'blk'}) {
		    redo; # already got this data
		}
	    }
	    elsif($code == Net::TFTP::OACK) {
		my $opkt = $self->{'pkt'} = pack("nn", Net::TFTP::ACK,0);
		send($sock,$opkt,0,$peer);

		_dumppkt($sock,1,$opkt)
		    if $self->{'Debug'};

		return _read($self,$wait);
	    }
	    elsif($code == Net::TFTP::ERROR) {
		$self->{'error'} = substr($ipkt,4);
		$self->{'eof'} = 1;
		CLOSE($self);
		return -1;
	    }

	    return _abort($self);
	}

	last unless $wait;
	# Resend last packet, this will re ACK the last data packet
	if($retry++ >= $self->{'Retries'}) {
	    $self->{'error'} = "Transfer Timeout";
	    return _abort($self);
	}

	send($sock,$self->{'pkt'},0,$self->{'peer'})
	  if $self->{'peer'};

	if ($self->{'Debug'}) {
	    print STDERR "${sock} << ---- retry=${retry}\n";
	    _dumppkt($sock,1,$self->{'pkt'});
	}
    }

    # NOT REACHED
}

sub _recv {
    my $self = shift;
    my $sock = $self->{'sock'};
    my $bsize = $self->{'blksize'}+4;
    $bsize = 516 if $bsize < 516;
    my $peer = recv($sock,$_[0],$bsize,0);

    # There is something on the socket, but not a udp packet. Prob. an icmp.
    return unless ($peer);

    _dumppkt($sock,0,$_[0]) if $self->{'Debug'};

    # The struct in $peer can be bigger than needed for AF_INET
    # so could contain garbage at the end. unpacking and re-packing
    # will ensure it is zero filled (Thanks TomC)
    if($self->{'IpMode'} eq "v6") {
    	$peer = Socket6::pack_sockaddr_in6(Socket6::unpack_sockaddr_in6($peer));
    } else {
    	$peer = pack_sockaddr_in(unpack_sockaddr_in($peer));
    }

    $self->{'peer'} ||= $peer; # Remember first peer

    my($code,$blk) = unpack("nn",$_[0]);

    if($code == Net::TFTP::OACK) {
	my %o = split("\0",substr($_[0],2));
	%$self = (%$self,%o);
    }

    if ($self->{'peer'} ne $peer) {
	# All packets must be from same peer
	# packet from someone else, send them an ERR packet
	my $err = pack("nna*c",Net::TFTP::ERROR, 5, "Unknown transfer ID",0);
	_dumppkt($sock,1,$err)
	    if $self->{'Debug'};
	send($sock,$err,0,$peer);

	$peer = undef;
    }

    ($peer,$code,$blk);
}

sub _send_data {
    my $self = shift;

    if(length($self->{'obuf'}) >= $self->{'blksize'}) {
	my $blk = ++$self->{'blk'};
	my $opkt = $self->{'pkt'} = pack("nn", Net::TFTP::DATA,$blk)
			    . substr($self->{'obuf'},0,$self->{'blksize'});
	substr($self->{'obuf'},0,$self->{'blksize'}) = '';

	my $sock = $self->{'sock'};
	send($sock,$opkt,0,$self->{'peer'});

	_dumppkt($sock,1,$opkt)
	    if $self->{'Debug'};
    }
    elsif (length($self->{'obuf'}) == 0 and $self->{'blksize'} == 1) {
	# ignore
    }
    elsif($^W) {
	require Carp;
	Carp::carp("Net::TFTP: Buffer underflow");
    }

    1;
}

sub _write {
    my($self) = @_;

    return -1 if exists $self->{'error'};

    my $sock    = $self->{'sock'} || return -1;
    my $select  = $self->{'sel'};
    my $timeout = $self->{'Timeout'};
    my $retry   = 0;

    return _send_data($self)
	if $self->{'ack'} == $self->{'blk'};

    while(1) {
	if($select->can_read($timeout)) {
	    my $ipkt=''; # will be filled by _recv
	    my($peer,$code,$blk) = _recv($self,$ipkt)
		or return _abort($self);

	    redo unless defined($peer); # do not send ACK to real peer

	    if($code == Net::TFTP::OACK) {
		$code = Net::TFTP::ACK;
		$blk = 0;
	    }

	    if($code == Net::TFTP::ACK) {
		if ($self->{'blk'} == $blk) {
		    $self->{'ack'} = $blk;
		    return _send_data($self);
		}
		elsif ($self->{'blk'} > $blk) {
		    redo; # duplicate ACK
		}
	    }

	    if($code == Net::TFTP::ERROR) {
		$self->{'error'} = substr($ipkt,4);
		CLOSE($self);
		return -1;
	    }

	    return _abort($self);
	}

	# Resend last packet, this will resend the last DATA packet
	if($retry++ >= $self->{'Retries'}) {
	    $self->{'error'} = "Transfer Timeout";
	    return _abort($self);
	}
	send($sock,$self->{'pkt'},0,$self->{'peer'});

	if ($self->{'Debug'}) {
	    print STDERR "${sock} << ---- retry=${retry}\n";
	    _dumppkt($sock,1,$self->{'pkt'});
	}
    }
    # NOT REACHED
}

sub _dumppkt {
    my($sock,$send) = @_; 
    my($code,$blk) = unpack("nn",$_[2]);
    $send = $send ? "$sock <<" : "$sock >>";
    my $str = sprintf "%s %-4s",$send,$NAME[$code];
    $str .= sprintf " %s=%d",$code == Net::TFTP::ERROR ? "code" : "blk",$blk
	if $code == Net::TFTP::DATA
	   || $code == Net::TFTP::ACK
	   || $code == Net::TFTP::ERROR;

    printf STDERR "%s length=%d\n",$str,length($_[2]);
    if($code == Net::TFTP::RRQ || $code == Net::TFTP::WRQ || $code == Net::TFTP::OACK) {
	my @a = split("\0",substr($_[2],2));
	printf STDERR "%s      filename=%s mode=%s\n",$send,splice(@a,0,2)
		unless $code == Net::TFTP::OACK;
	my %a = @a;
	my($k,$v);
	while(($k,$v) = each %a) {
	    printf STDERR "%s      %s=%s\n",$send,$k,$v;
	}

    }
    printf STDERR "%s      %s\n",$send,substr($_[2],4)
	if $code == Net::TFTP::ERROR;
}

1;

__END__