Pod::Simple::HTML - convert Pod to HTML

Pod-Simple documentation Contained in the Pod-Simple distribution.

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NAME

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Pod::Simple::HTML - convert Pod to HTML

SYNOPSIS

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  perl -MPod::Simple::HTML -e Pod::Simple::HTML::go thingy.pod

DESCRIPTION

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This class is for making an HTML rendering of a Pod document.

This is a subclass of Pod::Simple::PullParser and inherits all its methods (and options).

Note that if you want to do a batch conversion of a lot of Pod documents to HTML, you should see the module Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch.

CALLING FROM THE COMMAND LINE

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TODO

  perl -MPod::Simple::HTML -e Pod::Simple::HTML::go Thing.pod Thing.html

CALLING FROM PERL

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Minimal code

  use Pod::Simple::HTML;
  my $p = Pod::Simple::HTML->new;
  $p->output_string(\my $html);
  $p->parse_file('path/to/Module/Name.pm');
  open my $out, '>', 'out.html' or die "Cannot open 'out.html': $!\n";
  print $out $html;

More detailed example

  use Pod::Simple::HTML;

Set the content type:

  $Pod::Simple::HTML::Content_decl =  q{<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" >};

  my $p = Pod::Simple::HTML->new;

Include a single javascript source:

  $p->html_javascript('http://abc.com/a.js');

Or insert multiple javascript source in the header (or for that matter include anything, thought this is not recommended)

  $p->html_javascript('
      <script type="text/javascript" src="http://abc.com/b.js"></script>
      <script type="text/javascript" src="http://abc.com/c.js"></script>');

Include a single css source in the header:

  $p->html_css('/style.css');

or insert multiple css sources:

  $p->html_css('
      <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" title="pod_stylesheet" href="http://remote.server.com/jquery.css">
      <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" title="pod_stylesheet" href="/style.css">');

Tell the parser where should the output go. In this case it will be placed in the $html variable:

  my $html;
  $p->output_string(\$html);

Parse and process a file with pod in it:

  $p->parse_file('path/to/Module/Name.pm');

METHODS

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TODO all (most?) accessorized methods

The following variables need to be set before the call to the ->new constructor.

Set the string that is included before the opening <html> tag:

  $Pod::Simple::HTML::Doctype_decl = qq{<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
	 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">\n};

Set the content-type in the HTML head: (defaults to ISO-8859-1)

  $Pod::Simple::HTML::Content_decl =  q{<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" >};

Set the value that will be ebedded in the opening tags of F, C tags and verbatim text. F maps to <em>, C maps to <code>, Verbatim text maps to <pre> (Computerese defaults to "")

  $Pod::Simple::HTML::Computerese =  ' class="some_class_name';

html_css

html_javascript

title_prefix

title_postfix

html_header_before_title

This includes everything before the <title> opening tag including the Document type and including the opening <title> tag. The following call will set it to be a simple HTML file:

  $p->html_header_before_title('<html><head><title>');

html_h_level

Normally =head1 will become <h1>, =head2 will become <h2> etc. Using the html_h_level method will change these levels setting the h level of =head1 tags:

  $p->html_h_level(3);

Will make sure that =head1 will become <h3> and =head2 will become <h4> etc...

index

Set it to some true value if you want to have an index (in reality a table of contents) to be added at the top of the generated HTML.

  $p->index(1);

html_header_after_title

Includes the closing tag of </title> and through the rest of the head till the opening of the body

  $p->html_header_after_title('</title>...</head><body id="my_id">');

The very end of the document:

  $p->html_footer( qq[\n<!-- end doc -->\n\n</body></html>\n] );

SUBCLASSING

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Can use any of the methods described above but for further customization one needs to override some of the methods:

  package My::Pod;
  use strict;
  use warnings;

  use base 'Pod::Simple::HTML';

  # needs to return a URL string such
  # http://some.other.com/page.html
  # #anchor_in_the_same_file
  # /internal/ref.html
  sub do_pod_link {
    # My::Pod object and Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken object
    my ($self, $link) = @_;

    say $link->tagname;          # will be L for links
    say $link->attr('to');       # 
    say $link->attr('type');     # will be 'pod' always
    say $link->attr('section');

    # Links local to our web site
    if ($link->tagname eq 'L' and $link->attr('type') eq 'pod') {
      my $to = $link->attr('to');
      if ($to =~ /^Padre::/) {
          $to =~ s{::}{/}g;
          return "/docs/Padre/$to.html";
      }
    }

    # all other links are generated by the parent class
    my $ret = $self->SUPER::do_pod_link($link);
    return $ret;
  }

  1;

Meanwhile in script.pl:

  use My::Pod;

  my $p = My::Pod->new;

  my $html;
  $p->output_string(\$html);
  $p->parse_file('path/to/Module/Name.pm');
  open my $out, '>', 'out.html' or die;
  print $out $html;

TODO

maybe override do_beginning do_end

SEE ALSO

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Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch

TODO: a corpus of sample Pod input and HTML output? Or common idioms?

SUPPORT

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Questions or discussion about POD and Pod::Simple should be sent to the pod-people@perl.org mail list. Send an empty email to pod-people-subscribe@perl.org to subscribe.

This module is managed in an open GitHub repository, http://github.com/theory/pod-simple/. Feel free to fork and contribute, or to clone git://github.com/theory/pod-simple.git and send patches!

Patches against Pod::Simple are welcome. Please send bug reports to <bug-pod-simple@rt.cpan.org>.

COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS

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Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Sean M. Burke.

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Thanks to Hurricane Electric for permission to use its Linux man pages online site for man page links.

Thanks to search.cpan.org for permission to use the site for Perl module links.

AUTHOR

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Pod::Simple was created by Sean M. Burke <sburke@cpan.org>. But don't bother him, he's retired.

Pod::Simple is maintained by:

* Allison Randal allison@perl.org
* Hans Dieter Pearcey hdp@cpan.org
* David E. Wheeler dwheeler@cpan.org
Pod-Simple documentation Contained in the Pod-Simple distribution. 
require 5;
package Pod::Simple::HTML;
use strict;
use Pod::Simple::PullParser ();
use vars qw(
  @ISA %Tagmap $Computerese $LamePad $Linearization_Limit $VERSION
  $Perldoc_URL_Prefix $Perldoc_URL_Postfix $Man_URL_Prefix $Man_URL_Postfix
  $Title_Prefix $Title_Postfix $HTML_EXTENSION %ToIndex
  $Doctype_decl  $Content_decl
);
@ISA = ('Pod::Simple::PullParser');
$VERSION = '3.16';

BEGIN {
  if(defined &DEBUG) { } # no-op
  elsif( defined &Pod::Simple::DEBUG ) { *DEBUG = \&Pod::Simple::DEBUG }
  else { *DEBUG = sub () {0}; }
}

$Doctype_decl ||= '';  # No.  Just No.  Don't even ask me for it.
 # qq{<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
 #    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">\n};

$Content_decl ||=
 q{<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" >};

$HTML_EXTENSION = '.html' unless defined $HTML_EXTENSION;
$Computerese =  "" unless defined $Computerese;
$LamePad = '' unless defined $LamePad;

$Linearization_Limit = 120 unless defined $Linearization_Limit;
 # headings/items longer than that won't get an <a name="...">
$Perldoc_URL_Prefix  = 'http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?'
 unless defined $Perldoc_URL_Prefix;
$Perldoc_URL_Postfix = ''
 unless defined $Perldoc_URL_Postfix;


$Man_URL_Prefix  = 'http://man.he.net/man';
$Man_URL_Postfix = '';

$Title_Prefix  = '' unless defined $Title_Prefix;
$Title_Postfix = '' unless defined $Title_Postfix;
%ToIndex = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(head1 head2 head3 head4 ); # item-text
  # 'item-text' stuff in the index doesn't quite work, and may
  # not be a good idea anyhow.


__PACKAGE__->_accessorize(
 'perldoc_url_prefix',
   # In turning L<Foo::Bar> into http://whatever/Foo%3a%3aBar, what
   #  to put before the "Foo%3a%3aBar".
   # (for singleton mode only?)
 'perldoc_url_postfix',
   # what to put after "Foo%3a%3aBar" in the URL.  Normally "".

 'man_url_prefix',
   # In turning L<crontab(5)> into http://whatever/man/1/crontab, what
   #  to put before the "1/crontab".
 'man_url_postfix',
   #  what to put after the "1/crontab" in the URL. Normally "".

 'batch_mode', # whether we're in batch mode
 'batch_mode_current_level',
    # When in batch mode, how deep the current module is: 1 for "LWP",
    #  2 for "LWP::Procotol", 3 for "LWP::Protocol::GHTTP", etc
    
 'title_prefix',  'title_postfix',
  # What to put before and after the title in the head.
  # Should already be &-escaped

 'html_h_level',
  
 'html_header_before_title',
 'html_header_after_title',
 'html_footer',

 'index', # whether to add an index at the top of each page
    # (actually it's a table-of-contents, but we'll call it an index,
    #  out of apparently longstanding habit)

 'html_css', # URL of CSS file to point to
 'html_javascript', # URL of Javascript file to point to

 'force_title',   # should already be &-escaped
 'default_title', # should already be &-escaped
);

#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
my @_to_accept;

%Tagmap = (
  'Verbatim'  => "\n<pre$Computerese>",
  '/Verbatim' => "</pre>\n",
  'VerbatimFormatted'  => "\n<pre$Computerese>",
  '/VerbatimFormatted' => "</pre>\n",
  'VerbatimB'  => "<b>",
  '/VerbatimB' => "</b>",
  'VerbatimI'  => "<i>",
  '/VerbatimI' => "</i>",
  'VerbatimBI'  => "<b><i>",
  '/VerbatimBI' => "</i></b>",


  'Data'  => "\n",
  '/Data' => "\n",
  
  'head1' => "\n<h1>",  # And also stick in an <a name="...">
  'head2' => "\n<h2>",  #  ''
  'head3' => "\n<h3>",  #  ''
  'head4' => "\n<h4>",  #  ''
  '/head1' => "</a></h1>\n",
  '/head2' => "</a></h2>\n",
  '/head3' => "</a></h3>\n",
  '/head4' => "</a></h4>\n",

  'X'  => "<!--\n\tINDEX: ",
  '/X' => "\n-->",

  changes(qw(
    Para=p
    B=b I=i
    over-bullet=ul
    over-number=ol
    over-text=dl
    over-block=blockquote
    item-bullet=li
    item-number=li
    item-text=dt
  )),
  changes2(
    map {; m/^([-a-z]+)/s && push @_to_accept, $1; $_ }
    qw[
      sample=samp
      definition=dfn
      kbd=keyboard
      variable=var
      citation=cite
      abbreviation=abbr
      acronym=acronym
      subscript=sub
      superscript=sup
      big=big
      small=small
      underline=u
      strikethrough=s
    ]  # no point in providing a way to get <q>...</q>, I think
  ),
  
  '/item-bullet' => "</li>$LamePad\n",
  '/item-number' => "</li>$LamePad\n",
  '/item-text'   => "</a></dt>$LamePad\n",
  'item-body'    => "\n<dd>",
  '/item-body'   => "</dd>\n",


  'B'      =>  "<b>",                  '/B'     =>  "</b>",
  'I'      =>  "<i>",                  '/I'     =>  "</i>",
  'F'      =>  "<em$Computerese>",     '/F'     =>  "</em>",
  'C'      =>  "<code$Computerese>",   '/C'     =>  "</code>",
  'L'  =>  "<a href='YOU_SHOULD_NEVER_SEE_THIS'>", # ideally never used!
  '/L' =>  "</a>",
);

sub changes {
  return map {; m/^([-_:0-9a-zA-Z]+)=([-_:0-9a-zA-Z]+)$/s
     ? ( $1, => "\n<$2>", "/$1", => "</$2>\n" ) : die "Funky $_"
  } @_;
}
sub changes2 {
  return map {; m/^([-_:0-9a-zA-Z]+)=([-_:0-9a-zA-Z]+)$/s
     ? ( $1, => "<$2>", "/$1", => "</$2>" ) : die "Funky $_"
  } @_;
}

#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
sub go { Pod::Simple::HTML->parse_from_file(@ARGV); exit 0 }
 # Just so we can run from the command line.  No options.
 #  For that, use perldoc!
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sub new {
  my $new = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
  #$new->nix_X_codes(1);
  $new->nbsp_for_S(1);
  $new->accept_targets( 'html', 'HTML' );
  $new->accept_codes('VerbatimFormatted');
  $new->accept_codes(@_to_accept);
  DEBUG > 2 and print "To accept: ", join(' ',@_to_accept), "\n";

  $new->perldoc_url_prefix(  $Perldoc_URL_Prefix  );
  $new->perldoc_url_postfix( $Perldoc_URL_Postfix );
  $new->man_url_prefix(  $Man_URL_Prefix  );
  $new->man_url_postfix( $Man_URL_Postfix );
  $new->title_prefix(  $Title_Prefix  );
  $new->title_postfix( $Title_Postfix );

  $new->html_header_before_title(
   qq[$Doctype_decl<html><head><title>]
  );
  $new->html_header_after_title( join "\n" =>
    "</title>",
    $Content_decl,
    "</head>\n<body class='pod'>",
    $new->version_tag_comment,
    "<!-- start doc -->\n",
  );
  $new->html_footer( qq[\n<!-- end doc -->\n\n</body></html>\n] );

  $new->{'Tagmap'} = {%Tagmap};

  return $new;
}

sub __adjust_html_h_levels {
  my ($self) = @_;
  my $Tagmap = $self->{'Tagmap'};

  my $add = $self->html_h_level;
  return unless defined $add;
  return if ($self->{'Adjusted_html_h_levels'}||0) == $add;

  $add -= 1;
  for (1 .. 4) {
    $Tagmap->{"head$_"}  =~ s/$_/$_ + $add/e;
    $Tagmap->{"/head$_"} =~ s/$_/$_ + $add/e;
  }
}

sub batch_mode_page_object_init {
  my($self, $batchconvobj, $module, $infile, $outfile, $depth) = @_;
  DEBUG and print "Initting $self\n  for $module\n",
    "  in $infile\n  out $outfile\n  depth $depth\n";
  $self->batch_mode(1);
  $self->batch_mode_current_level($depth);
  return $self;
}

sub run {
  my $self = $_[0];
  return $self->do_middle if $self->bare_output;
  return
   $self->do_beginning && $self->do_middle && $self->do_end;
}

#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sub do_beginning {
  my $self = $_[0];

  my $title;
  
  if(defined $self->force_title) {
    $title = $self->force_title;
    DEBUG and print "Forcing title to be $title\n";
  } else {
    # Actually try looking for the title in the document:
    $title = $self->get_short_title();
    unless($self->content_seen) {
      DEBUG and print "No content seen in search for title.\n";
      return;
    }
    $self->{'Title'} = $title;

    if(defined $title and $title =~ m/\S/) {
      $title = $self->title_prefix . esc($title) . $self->title_postfix;
    } else {
      $title = $self->default_title;    
      $title = '' unless defined $title;
      DEBUG and print "Title defaults to $title\n";
    }
  }

  
  my $after = $self->html_header_after_title  || '';
  if($self->html_css) {
    my $link =
    $self->html_css =~ m/</
     ? $self->html_css # It's a big blob of markup, let's drop it in
     : sprintf(        # It's just a URL, so let's wrap it up
      qq[<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" title="pod_stylesheet" href="%s">\n],
      $self->html_css,
    );
    $after =~ s{(</head>)}{$link\n$1}i;  # otherwise nevermind
  }
  $self->_add_top_anchor(\$after);

  if($self->html_javascript) {
    my $link =
    $self->html_javascript =~ m/</
     ? $self->html_javascript # It's a big blob of markup, let's drop it in
     : sprintf(        # It's just a URL, so let's wrap it up
      qq[<script type="text/javascript" src="%s"></script>\n],
      $self->html_javascript,
    );
    $after =~ s{(</head>)}{$link\n$1}i;  # otherwise nevermind
  }

  print {$self->{'output_fh'}}
    $self->html_header_before_title || '',
    $title, # already escaped
    $after,
  ;

  DEBUG and print "Returning from do_beginning...\n";
  return 1;
}

sub _add_top_anchor {
  my($self, $text_r) = @_;
  unless($$text_r and $$text_r =~ m/name=['"]___top['"]/) { # a hack
    $$text_r .= "<a name='___top' class='dummyTopAnchor' ></a>\n";
  }
  return;
}

sub version_tag_comment {
  my $self = shift;
  return sprintf
   "<!--\n  generated by %s v%s,\n  using %s v%s,\n  under Perl v%s at %s GMT.\n\n %s\n\n-->\n",
   esc(
    ref($self), $self->VERSION(), $ISA[0], $ISA[0]->VERSION(),
    $], scalar(gmtime),
   ), $self->_modnote(),
  ;
}

sub _modnote {
  my $class = ref($_[0]) || $_[0];
  return join "\n   " => grep m/\S/, split "\n",

qq{
If you want to change this HTML document, you probably shouldn't do that
by changing it directly.  Instead, see about changing the calling options
to $class, and/or subclassing $class,
then reconverting this document from the Pod source.
When in doubt, email the author of $class for advice.
See 'perldoc $class' for more info.
};

}

sub do_end {
  my $self = $_[0];
  print {$self->{'output_fh'}}  $self->html_footer || '';
  return 1;
}

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Normally this would just be a call to _do_middle_main_loop -- but we
#  have to do some elaborate things to emit all the content and then
#  summarize it and output it /before/ the content that it's a summary of.

sub do_middle {
  my $self = $_[0];
  return $self->_do_middle_main_loop unless $self->index;

  if( $self->output_string ) {
    # An efficiency hack
    my $out = $self->output_string; #it's a reference to it
    my $sneakytag = "\f\f\e\e\b\bIndex Here\e\e\b\b\f\f\n";
    $$out .= $sneakytag;
    $self->_do_middle_main_loop;
    $sneakytag = quotemeta($sneakytag);
    my $index = $self->index_as_html();
    if( $$out =~ s/$sneakytag/$index/s ) {
      # Expected case
      DEBUG and print "Inserted ", length($index), " bytes of index HTML into $out.\n";
    } else {
      DEBUG and print "Odd, couldn't find where to insert the index in the output!\n";
      # I don't think this should ever happen.
    }
    return 1;
  }

  unless( $self->output_fh ) {
    require Carp;
    Carp::confess("Parser object \$p doesn't seem to have any output object!  I don't know how to deal with that.");
  }

  # If we get here, we're outputting to a FH.  So we need to do some magic.
  # Namely, divert all content to a string, which we output after the index.
  my $fh = $self->output_fh;
  my $content = '';
  {
    # Our horrible bait and switch:
    $self->output_string( \$content );
    $self->_do_middle_main_loop;
    $self->abandon_output_string();
    $self->output_fh($fh);
  }
  print $fh $self->index_as_html();
  print $fh $content;

  return 1;
}

###########################################################################

sub index_as_html {
  my $self = $_[0];
  # This is meant to be called AFTER the input document has been parsed!

  my $points = $self->{'PSHTML_index_points'} || [];
  
  @$points > 1 or return qq[<div class='indexgroupEmpty'></div>\n];
   # There's no point in having a 0-item or 1-item index, I dare say.
  
  my(@out) = qq{\n<div class='indexgroup'>};
  my $level = 0;

  my( $target_level, $previous_tagname, $tagname, $text, $anchorname, $indent);
  foreach my $p (@$points, ['head0', '(end)']) {
    ($tagname, $text) = @$p;
    $anchorname = $self->section_escape($text);
    if( $tagname =~ m{^head(\d+)$} ) {
      $target_level = 0 + $1;
    } else {  # must be some kinda list item
      if($previous_tagname =~ m{^head\d+$} ) {
        $target_level = $level + 1;
      } else {
        $target_level = $level;  # no change needed
      }
    }
    
    # Get to target_level by opening or closing ULs
    while($level > $target_level)
     { --$level; push @out, ("  " x $level) . "</ul>"; }
    while($level < $target_level)
     { ++$level; push @out, ("  " x ($level-1))
       . "<ul   class='indexList indexList$level'>"; }

    $previous_tagname = $tagname;
    next unless $level;
    
    $indent = '  '  x $level;
    push @out, sprintf
      "%s<li class='indexItem indexItem%s'><a href='#%s'>%s</a>",
      $indent, $level, esc($anchorname), esc($text)
    ;
  }
  push @out, "</div>\n";
  return join "\n", @out;
}

###########################################################################

sub _do_middle_main_loop {
  my $self = $_[0];
  my $fh = $self->{'output_fh'};
  my $tagmap = $self->{'Tagmap'};

  $self->__adjust_html_h_levels;
  
  my($token, $type, $tagname, $linkto, $linktype);
  my @stack;
  my $dont_wrap = 0;

  while($token = $self->get_token) {

    # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    if( ($type = $token->type) eq 'start' ) {
      if(($tagname = $token->tagname) eq 'L') {
        $linktype = $token->attr('type') || 'insane';
        
        $linkto = $self->do_link($token);

        if(defined $linkto and length $linkto) {
          esc($linkto);
            #   (Yes, SGML-escaping applies on top of %-escaping!
            #   But it's rarely noticeable in practice.)
          print $fh qq{<a href="$linkto" class="podlink$linktype"\n>};
        } else {
          print $fh "<a>"; # Yes, an 'a' element with no attributes!
        }

      } elsif ($tagname eq 'item-text' or $tagname =~ m/^head\d$/s) {
        print $fh $tagmap->{$tagname} || next;

        my @to_unget;
        while(1) {
          push @to_unget, $self->get_token;
          last if $to_unget[-1]->is_end
              and $to_unget[-1]->tagname eq $tagname;
          
          # TODO: support for X<...>'s found in here?  (maybe hack into linearize_tokens)
        }

        my $name = $self->linearize_tokens(@to_unget);
        $name = $self->do_section($name, $token) if defined $name;

        print $fh "<a ";
        print $fh "class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'\n"
         if $tagname =~ m/^head\d$/s;
        
        if(defined $name) {
          my $esc = esc(  $self->section_name_tidy( $name ) );
          print $fh qq[name="$esc"];
          DEBUG and print "Linearized ", scalar(@to_unget),
           " tokens as \"$name\".\n";
          push @{ $self->{'PSHTML_index_points'} }, [$tagname, $name]
           if $ToIndex{ $tagname };
            # Obviously, this discards all formatting codes (saving
            #  just their content), but ahwell.
           
        } else {  # ludicrously long, so nevermind
          DEBUG and print "Linearized ", scalar(@to_unget),
           " tokens, but it was too long, so nevermind.\n";
        }
        print $fh "\n>";
        $self->unget_token(@to_unget);

      } elsif ($tagname eq 'Data') {
        my $next = $self->get_token;
        next unless defined $next;
        unless( $next->type eq 'text' ) {
          $self->unget_token($next);
          next;
        }
        DEBUG and print "    raw text ", $next->text, "\n";
        print $fh "\n" . $next->text . "\n";
        next;
       
      } else {
        if( $tagname =~ m/^over-/s ) {
          push @stack, '';
        } elsif( $tagname =~ m/^item-/s and @stack and $stack[-1] ) {
          print $fh $stack[-1];
          $stack[-1] = '';
        }
        print $fh $tagmap->{$tagname} || next;
        ++$dont_wrap if $tagname eq 'Verbatim' or $tagname eq "VerbatimFormatted"
          or $tagname eq 'X';
      }

    # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    } elsif( $type eq 'end' ) {
      if( ($tagname = $token->tagname) =~ m/^over-/s ) {
        if( my $end = pop @stack ) {
          print $fh $end;
        }
      } elsif( $tagname =~ m/^item-/s and @stack) {
        $stack[-1] = $tagmap->{"/$tagname"};
        if( $tagname eq 'item-text' and defined(my $next = $self->get_token) ) {
          $self->unget_token($next);
          if( $next->type eq 'start' ) {
            print $fh $tagmap->{"/item-text"},$tagmap->{"item-body"};
            $stack[-1] = $tagmap->{"/item-body"};
          }
        }
        next;
      }
      print $fh $tagmap->{"/$tagname"} || next;
      --$dont_wrap if $tagname eq 'Verbatim' or $tagname eq 'X';

    # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    } elsif( $type eq 'text' ) {
      esc($type = $token->text);  # reuse $type, why not
      $type =~ s/([\?\!\"\'\.\,]) /$1\n/g unless $dont_wrap;
      print $fh $type;
    }

  }
  return 1;
}

###########################################################################
#

sub do_section {
  my($self, $name, $token) = @_;
  return $name;
}

sub do_link {
  my($self, $token) = @_;
  my $type = $token->attr('type');
  if(!defined $type) {
    $self->whine("Typeless L!?", $token->attr('start_line'));
  } elsif( $type eq 'pod') { return $self->do_pod_link($token);
  } elsif( $type eq 'url') { return $self->do_url_link($token);
  } elsif( $type eq 'man') { return $self->do_man_link($token);
  } else {
    $self->whine("L of unknown type $type!?", $token->attr('start_line'));
  }
  return 'FNORG'; # should never get called
}

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

sub do_url_link { return $_[1]->attr('to') }

sub do_man_link {
  my ($self, $link) = @_;
  my $to = $link->attr('to');
  my $frag = $link->attr('section');

  return undef unless defined $to and length $to; # should never happen

  $frag = $self->section_escape($frag)
   if defined $frag and length($frag .= ''); # (stringify)

  DEBUG and print "Resolving \"$to/$frag\"\n\n";

  return $self->resolve_man_page_link($to, $frag);
}


sub do_pod_link {
  # And now things get really messy...
  my($self, $link) = @_;
  my $to = $link->attr('to');
  my $section = $link->attr('section');
  return undef unless(  # should never happen
    (defined $to and length $to) or
    (defined $section and length $section)
  );

  $section = $self->section_escape($section)
   if defined $section and length($section .= ''); # (stringify)

  DEBUG and printf "Resolving \"%s\" \"%s\"...\n",
   $to || "(nil)",  $section || "(nil)";
   
  {
    # An early hack:
    my $complete_url = $self->resolve_pod_link_by_table($to, $section);
    if( $complete_url ) {
      DEBUG > 1 and print "resolve_pod_link_by_table(T,S) gives ",
        $complete_url, "\n  (Returning that.)\n";
      return $complete_url;
    } else {
      DEBUG > 4 and print " resolve_pod_link_by_table(T,S)", 
       " didn't return anything interesting.\n";
    }
  }

  if(defined $to and length $to) {
    # Give this routine first hack again
    my $there = $self->resolve_pod_link_by_table($to);
    if(defined $there and length $there) {
      DEBUG > 1
       and print "resolve_pod_link_by_table(T) gives $there\n";
    } else {
      $there = 
        $self->resolve_pod_page_link($to, $section);
         # (I pass it the section value, but I don't see a
         #  particular reason it'd use it.)
      DEBUG > 1 and print "resolve_pod_page_link gives ", $to || "(nil)", "\n";
      unless( defined $there and length $there ) {
        DEBUG and print "Can't resolve $to\n";
        return undef;
      }
      # resolve_pod_page_link returning undef is how it
      #  can signal that it gives up on making a link
    }
    $to = $there;
  }

  #DEBUG and print "So far [", $to||'nil', "] [", $section||'nil', "]\n";

  my $out = (defined $to and length $to) ? $to : '';
  $out .= "#" . $section if defined $section and length $section;
  
  unless(length $out) { # sanity check
    DEBUG and printf "Oddly, couldn't resolve \"%s\" \"%s\"...\n",
     $to || "(nil)",  $section || "(nil)";
    return undef;
  }

  DEBUG and print "Resolved to $out\n";
  return $out;  
}


# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sub section_escape {
  my($self, $section) = @_;
  return $self->section_url_escape(
    $self->section_name_tidy($section)
  );
}

sub section_name_tidy {
  my($self, $section) = @_;
  $section =~ s/^\s+//;
  $section =~ s/\s+$//;
  $section =~ tr/ /_/;
  $section =~ tr/\x00-\x1F\x80-\x9F//d if 'A' eq chr(65); # drop crazy characters
  $section = $self->unicode_escape_url($section);
  $section = '_' unless length $section;
  return $section;
}

sub section_url_escape  { shift->general_url_escape(@_) }
sub pagepath_url_escape { shift->general_url_escape(@_) }
sub manpage_url_escape  { shift->general_url_escape(@_) }

sub general_url_escape {
  my($self, $string) = @_;
 
  $string =~ s/([^\x00-\xFF])/join '', map sprintf('%%%02X',$_), unpack 'C*', $1/eg;
     # express Unicode things as urlencode(utf(orig)).
  
  # A pretty conservative escaping, behoovey even for query components
  #  of a URL (see RFC 2396)
  
  $string =~ s/([^-_\.!~*()abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789])/sprintf('%%%02X',ord($1))/eg;
   # Yes, stipulate the list without a range, so that this can work right on
   #  all charsets that this module happens to run under.
   # Altho, hmm, what about that ord?  Presumably that won't work right
   #  under non-ASCII charsets.  Something should be done
   #  about that, I guess?
  
  return $string;
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Oh look, a yawning portal to Hell!  Let's play touch football right by it!
#

sub resolve_pod_page_link {
  # resolve_pod_page_link must return a properly escaped URL
  my $self = shift;
  return $self->batch_mode()
   ? $self->resolve_pod_page_link_batch_mode(@_)
   : $self->resolve_pod_page_link_singleton_mode(@_)
  ;
}

sub resolve_pod_page_link_singleton_mode {
  my($self, $it) = @_;
  return undef unless defined $it and length $it;
  my $url = $self->pagepath_url_escape($it);
  
  $url =~ s{::$}{}s; # probably never comes up anyway
  $url =~ s{::}{/}g unless $self->perldoc_url_prefix =~ m/\?/s; # sane DWIM?
  
  return undef unless length $url;
  return $self->perldoc_url_prefix . $url . $self->perldoc_url_postfix;
}

sub resolve_pod_page_link_batch_mode {
  my($self, $to) = @_;
  DEBUG > 1 and print " During batch mode, resolving $to ...\n";
  my @path = grep length($_), split m/::/s, $to, -1;
  unless( @path ) { # sanity
    DEBUG and print "Very odd!  Splitting $to gives (nil)!\n";
    return undef;
  }
  $self->batch_mode_rectify_path(\@path);
  my $out = join('/', map $self->pagepath_url_escape($_), @path)
    . $HTML_EXTENSION;
  DEBUG > 1 and print " => $out\n";
  return $out;
}

sub batch_mode_rectify_path {
  my($self, $pathbits) = @_;
  my $level = $self->batch_mode_current_level;
  $level--; # how many levels up to go to get to the root
  if($level < 1) {
    unshift @$pathbits, '.'; # just to be pretty
  } else {
    unshift @$pathbits, ('..') x $level;
  }
  return;
}

sub resolve_man_page_link {
  my ($self, $to, $frag) = @_;
  my ($page, $section) = $to =~ /^([^(]+)(?:[(](\d+)[)])?$/;

  return undef unless defined $page and length $page;
  $section ||= 1;

  return $self->man_url_prefix . "$section/"
      . $self->manpage_url_escape($page)
      . $self->man_url_postfix;
}

#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sub resolve_pod_link_by_table {
  # A crazy hack to allow specifying custom L<foo> => URL mappings

  return unless $_[0]->{'podhtml_LOT'};  # An optimizy shortcut

  my($self, $to, $section) = @_;

  # TODO: add a method that actually populates podhtml_LOT from a file?

  if(defined $section) {
    $to = '' unless defined $to and length $to;
    return $self->{'podhtml_LOT'}{"$to#$section"}; # quite possibly undef!
  } else {
    return $self->{'podhtml_LOT'}{$to};            # quite possibly undef!
  }
  return;
}

###########################################################################

sub linearize_tokens {  # self, tokens
  my $self = shift;
  my $out = '';
  
  my $t;
  while($t = shift @_) {
    if(!ref $t or !UNIVERSAL::can($t, 'is_text')) {
      $out .= $t; # a string, or some insane thing
    } elsif($t->is_text) {
      $out .= $t->text;
    } elsif($t->is_start and $t->tag eq 'X') {
      # Ignore until the end of this X<...> sequence:
      my $x_open = 1;
      while($x_open) {
        next if( ($t = shift @_)->is_text );
        if(   $t->is_start and $t->tag eq 'X') { ++$x_open }
        elsif($t->is_end   and $t->tag eq 'X') { --$x_open }
      }
    }
  }
  return undef if length $out > $Linearization_Limit;
  return $out;
}

#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sub unicode_escape_url {
  my($self, $string) = @_;
  $string =~ s/([^\x00-\xFF])/'('.ord($1).')'/eg;
    #  Turn char 1234 into "(1234)"
  return $string;
}

#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
sub esc { # a function.
  if(defined wantarray) {
    if(wantarray) {
      @_ = splice @_; # break aliasing
    } else {
      my $x = shift;
      $x =~ s/([^-\n\t !\#\$\%\(\)\*\+,\.\~\/\:\;=\?\@\[\\\]\^_\`\{\|\}abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789])/'&#'.(ord($1)).';'/eg;
      return $x;
    }
  }
  foreach my $x (@_) {
    # Escape things very cautiously:
    $x =~ s/([^-\n\t !\#\$\%\(\)\*\+,\.\~\/\:\;=\?\@\[\\\]\^_\`\{\|\}abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789])/'&#'.(ord($1)).';'/eg
     if defined $x;
    # Leave out "- so that "--" won't make it thru in X-generated comments
    #  with text in them.

    # Yes, stipulate the list without a range, so that this can work right on
    #  all charsets that this module happens to run under.
    # Altho, hmm, what about that ord?  Presumably that won't work right
    #  under non-ASCII charsets.  Something should be done about that.
  }
  return @_;
}

#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1;
__END__