Rcs::Agent - an RCS archive manipulation method library


Rcs-Agent documentation Contained in the Rcs-Agent distribution.

Index


Code Index:

NAME

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Rcs::Agent - an RCS archive manipulation method library

SYNOPSIS

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use Rcs::Agent;

DESCRIPTION

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Rcs::Agent is a perl module for manipulating RCS archives. It provides an object-oriented interface to the RCS commands rcs(1), rcsdiff(1), ci(1) and co(1), in addition to providing easy access to revision information contained in the RCS archive file. A description of how RCS works is beyond the scope of this document, or to put it simply, you need to learn how to use RCS before using this perl interface to it.

METHODS

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new

The new() method is the Rcs::Agent constructor, and is used both to create new RCS archives files if they do not already exist, or manipulate existing ones if they already exist in the specified location.

Typically, new() would be called using the following parameters:

    $rcs = new Rcs::Agent (	file => "/data/src/foobar.c");

The file parameter tells the module what the name of the work file is. This is the only parameter which is absolutely necessary: if it is not supplied, then new() will return undef and all subsequent method calls using the $rcs handle will fail.

The workdir parameter can be used to specify the working directory of the file, if for some reason the programmer decides not to specify it using the file parameter. The example above could easily have been written:

    $rcs = new Rcs::Agent (	file => "foobar.c", 
    				workdir => "/data/src");

The rcsdir parameter specifies the location of the RCS archive. This is normally designated as the "RCS/" directory off the working directory, but there is no reason why rcsdir cannot be placed somewhere else if so desired. If this parameter is not specified, then the module uses some simplistic heuristics to determine the location of the RCS directory automatically. If there is a directory off the working directory called "RCS/" then the module will use that. If there is not, then it will use the working directory.

The suffix parameter specifies the RCS archive file suffix to use. On a Unix or a Unix-lookalike system, this is usually ",v". There is normally no need to change this parameter.

The tmpdir parameter specifies the location of a directory which is writable and which can by used by the Rcs::Agent library to create temporary files when necessary. While this defaults to "/tmp", it is strongly suggested for security reasons that a different, application-specific temporary directory be used.

err

The err() method returns whatever is currently in the error buffer. Whenever any method in this library fails for some reason, the method will put a message into the error buffer and then return undef to the calling function. This method is used to access the error message. It takes no parameters and returns a scalar text string, which may be zero length if there is no current error.

The head() method returns the revision number of the top of the RCS tree.

timestamp

The timestamp() method returns the mtime timestamp of the RCS archive file in C time format (i.e. seconds since the epoch). For convenience, this value can also be accessed by referring to $rcs->{mtime}.

archived

The archived() method indicates whether the file in question is already in RCS control. It is a quick and dirty function which simply tests whether the file has a readable RCS archive file. It returns 1 or 0, depending on whether this test is found to be true or not.

diff

The diff() method returns a list of differences between one version of the RCS archive and another. If neither the revision1 nor revision2 parameters are passed to this method, then it will return the list of diffs between the current working file and the head version. If revision1 alone is specified, then it will return a list of diffs between the current working file and the specified version, and if both parameters are supplied, then it will provide a list of diffs between the version specified in revision1 and revision2. The method will return undef if either of the revisions specified don't exist.

It is also possible to specify the revisions using symbolic names or tags instead of version numbers.

The format of the diff output can be controlled using the format parameter. If this is set to context, then it will produce context diffs; if it is set to unified, then unified diffs will be returned if the system's version of diff(1) supports unified diffs. If the format is not specified, or if it is set to old, then diff() will return a list of diffs in classic format.

checkin

The checkin() method allows the programmer to check a version of the file into the RCS archive. By default, the revision will be inserted at the head of the revision tree, unless the revision is specified using the revision parameter.

A comment can be added to the revision's log using the log parameter. If no comment or a blank comment is specified, then the revision is logged with the text "*** empty log message ***", as happens when using the RCS ci program.

The revision may be tagged with a symbolic name using the tag parameter. If the force parameter is set to "yes" then the symbolic name will override any previous assignment of the symbolic name.

If the programmer wishes to check the version out after check-in, then the checkout parameter should be set to "yes". This is useful if the programmer wishes to keep a working copy of the file outside the archive. If checkout is disabled, then the working copy of the file is deleted on check-in, which may not suit all purposes. By default, this option is turned on.

In addition, the programmer may wish to check out and lock the revision immediately after checkin. This can be accomplished setting the lock parameter to "yes".

These last two options correspond to the -u and -l options in ci respectively.

The checkin() method will return the numeric value 1 on success and undef on failure. As with all of these methods, in the event of the method returning undef, a failure message will be logged into the error buffer.

checkout

The checkout() method allows the programmer to check a version of the file out of the RCS archive. By default, if no revision is specified using the revision parameter, then the head revision will be checked out. It is possible to specify the revisions using symbolic names or tags instead of version numbers when checking out revisions.

The programmer may put a lock on the revision being checked out by setting the lock parameter to be "yes".

If there is a version of the archive already locked, or if the working file is writable, the check-out procedure will normally fail. This behaviour is to prevent the programmer from accidentally over-writing the work of another user who may also be editing a revision of the file. Checkouts can be forced by setting the force parameter to be "yes"; this option should not be used unless the operator is certain that no damage will be done.

The checkout() method will return the numeric value 1 on success and undef on failure.

lock

The lock() method permits the operator to lock a specific revision in the RCS archive without actually checking it out. By default, if no revision is specified using the revision parameter, then the head revisision will be locked. It is possible to specify the revisions using symbolic names or tags instead of version numbers when checking out revisions.

If the specified revision in the archive is already locked, then this method will fail.

The checkout() method will return the numeric value 1 on success and undef on failure.

unlock

The unlock() method performs the exact opposite as the lock() method: it unlocks the specified revision in the archive.

If the specified revision in the archive is already unlocked, then this method will fail.

The unlock() method will return the numeric value 1 on success and undef on failure.

initialize

The initialize() method is used to create and initialize an RCS archive for the working file if none existed previously.

The archive description can be specified using the "description" parameter.

If RCS version 5.7 or higher is installed on the system, the archive can be initialized to be binary safe by setting the "binary" parameter. Note that rcsmerge may not work properly on archives with binary data, and also that if there is a string in the binary file which matches an RCS keyword (i.e. \$Id\$, \$Log\$, etc), RCS may attempt to replace it with the its corresponding expanded value on checkout which may corrupt your binary file. See co for more details both of these issues.

The initialize() method returns the numeric value 1 on success and undef on failure.

rexists

The rexists() method checks to make sure that the revision specified in the parameter list actually exists in the RCS archive. If this is the case, then the revision number will be returned. If it does not exist, or some other error is detected, then undef is returned, and an error is left in the error buffer.

parent

The parent() method returns the previous revision relative to the revision specified in the parameter list, or undef if it does not exist:

In the following example, $parent might be assigned the value '1.1'.

    my $parent = $rcs->parent (revision => '1.2');

When dealing with branches, the real parent branch is returned, and not the virtual branch fork revision. So, for example, the following code sets the value of $parent to be '1.5' rather than '1.5.3':

    my $parent = $rcs->parent (revision => '1.5.3.1');

If the revision parameter is omitted, the revision defaults to the head revision.

child

Similar to parent(), child() returns the next revision relative to the revision specified in the parameter list, or undef if it does not exist.

revisions

The revisions() method returns a reference to an array containing the names of all of the revisions listed in the RCS archive.

symbols

The symbols() method returns a reference to an array containing the names of all of the symbolic names listed in the RCS archive.

access

The access() method returns a reference to an array containing the names of all of the logins who have access to lock the RCS file, or undef if it is an empty list.

description

description() is used to read or write the archive description. This is the text which is logged in the RCS archive using the "-t-" parameter. If the "description" parameter is set in the argument list, then the description in the archive file is set to the value specified.

    my $description = $rcs->description ();

In this code, the $description variable will be set to the archive's description field, if it exists.

    $rcs->description (description => 'Main source file');

In this code snippet, the RCS archive description is set to be be the value "Main source file".

locked, locker, state, author, date, log

These methods return the RCS archive data specified by the method name. If the "revision" parameter is given, then the method will return data relevant to the specified revision. Otherwise, the method will return data relevant to the head revision. All of the methods except for "log" return a scalar value. "log" returns a reference to an array of scalars, each of which corresponds to a line of the log message for the specified revision.

The locked() method is the same as locker(), and is included to allow more readable code such as

    if ($rcs->locked(revision => "1.3")) {
        <code if version is locked>
    } else {
        <code if version is unlocked>
    }

As another example, the following line of code will return the author of revision 1.2 of the current RCS object:

    my $author = $rcs->author(revision => "1.3");

If the data for the specified revision does not exist, then the method will return undef.

BUGS

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o

unfortunately, it was all but impossible to call this module RCS::Agent, which is probably the more natural name. The reason for this is left as an exercise for the reader.

o

the code hasn't been tested on non-unix operating systems like the Windows family, MacOS, VMS and so forth. It will almost certainly not work on them.

o

"Merge is Hard!". Rcs::Agent does not support merging branches because this is something which often requires manual intervention. On the grounds that providing broken functionality along these lines would just encourage a bad habit, it's been left out completely. There are no plans to change this policy - at least not until the code develops self awareness.

o

Rcs::Agent does not yet grok CVS's magic branch tags.

o

revisions() and symbols() both contain references to branch revisions. This needs to be changed.

Please mail rcs-agent-lib@netability.ie if you find any more bugs. Patches should be sent in unified diff format (i.e. diff -u), or context diff format (diff -c) if your version of diff doesn't support unified diffs.

WARRANTY AND LIABILITY

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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NETWORK ABILITY LIMITED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NETWORK ABILITY LIMITED OR ANY CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

COPYRIGHT

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SEE ALSO

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perl(1), rcsintro(1), rcsfile(5), rcs(1), rcsdiff(1), ci(1), co(1), rlog(1).


Rcs-Agent documentation Contained in the Rcs-Agent distribution.
# Rcs::Agent
#
# An RCS frobnicator
#
# $Id: Agent.pm,v 1.32 2007/08/20 16:39:56 nick Exp $

package Rcs::Agent;

# Be neutoric about syntax
use strict;

# These packages are part of the base perl system 
use Carp;
use File::Basename;
use File::stat;
use Cwd;

# These packages are from CPAN
use String::ShellQuote;
use File::Temp;

# Data::Dumper is used solely for debugging
# use Data::Dumper;

use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT_OK @EXPORT $VERSION $AUTOLOAD);

$VERSION = '1.05';

1;


##
## new
##  

sub new {
	my ($type) = shift if @_;
	my $class = ref($type) || $type || "Rcs::Agent";
	my %args = @_;
	my ($tag);
	my @tags = qw (file workdir rcsdir suffix tmpdir);

	my $self = {
		version	=> $VERSION,
		err	=> "",
	};

	foreach $tag (@tags) {
		$self->{$tag} = $args{$tag} if (defined ($args{$tag}));
	}

	# Default suffix is ",v"
	$self->{suffix} = ",v" unless (defined ($self->{suffix}));

	# don't continue unless a filename is supplied
	return undef if (!defined ($self->{file}));

	# filename contains path separators?
	if ($self->{file} =~ /\//) {
		my $dir = dirname($self->{file});
		# if pathname is absolute, then path => workdir, basename => file
		if ($dir =~ /^\//) {
			$self->{workdir} = $dir;
			$self->{file} = basename($self->{file});
		# otherwise append path to workdir, if it already exists.
		} else {
			$self->{workdir} = defined ($self->{workdir}) ? $self->{workdir} : "";
			$self->{workdir} .= "/$dir";
		}
	}

	$self->{workdir} = "." unless (defined ($self->{workdir}));

	# don't continue unless the work directory actually exists
	return undef unless (-d $self->{workdir});

	# trim trailing slashes off end of workdir
	$self->{workdir} =~ s/(\/+)$//g;

	# Figure out correct rcsdir
	#
	# If rcsdir has been supplied, then use that.
	# If rcsdir hasn't been supplied, then check for workdir/RCS/foo,v and workdir/foo,v in order

	unless (defined ($self->{rcsdir})) {
		# if RCS/ directory exists and there's a version file in it, use that.
		if (-d $self->{workdir}."/RCS" && 
				-e $self->{workdir}."/RCS/".$self->{file}.$self->{suffix}) {
			$self->{rcsdir} = $self->{workdir}."/RCS";

		# if the version file is in the workdir, use that...
		} elsif (-e $self->{workdir}."/".$self->{file}.$self->{suffix}) {
			$self->{rcsdir} = $self->{workdir};

		# there's no version file at all => use RCS/ dir if it exists, otherwise workdir
		} else {
			$self->{rcsdir} = (-d $self->{workdir}."/RCS") ?
				$self->{workdir}."/RCS" : $self->{workdir};
		}
	}

	$self->{rcsdir} =~ s/(\/+)$//g;

	$self->{rcsfile} = $self->{rcsdir}."/".$self->{file}.$self->{suffix};

	$self->{hpux} = 1 if $^O eq 'hpux';

	bless $self, $class;

	return $self;
}


##
## err
##

sub err {
	my $self = shift;

	$self->{err};
}


##
## head
##

sub head {
	my $self = shift;

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	return $self->{head};
}


##
## timestamp
##

sub timestamp {
	my $self = shift;

	$self->{err} = "";

	my $sb = stat($self->{rcsfile});
	unless (defined($sb)) {
		$self->{err} = "couldn't open $self->{rcsfile}: $!";
		return undef;
	}

	$self->{mtime} = $sb->mtime;

	$sb->mtime;
}


##
## archived
##

sub archived {
	my $self = shift;

	-r $self->{rcsfile} ? 1 : 0;
}


##
## parse
##
## parses the RCS archive file.  This is an internal-only function.  Please ignore it.
##
## returns:     1 if the file already has a readable and parsable RCS archive file
##              undef otherwise, putting flag in error buffer
##

sub parse {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;
	my %branches;

	$self->{err} = "";

	# only parse file if not parsed previously and rcs file has not been modified
	if ($self->{parsed}) {
		my $mtime = $self->{mtime};
		return 1 if ($mtime == $self->timestamp);
	}

	if (!$self->archived) {
		$self->{err} = "RCS archive file not found";
		return undef;
	} 

	# This is to prevent recursion
	if (defined ($self->{parsing})) {
		return 1;
	}
	$self->{parsing} = 1;

	# First, we need to delete a whole bunch of stuff if it's already
	# defined from previous parsing attempts.
	foreach my $tag (qw (access revisions head symbols strict)) {
		delete $self->{$tag} if defined ($self->{$tag});
	}

	unless (open (INPUT, $self->{rcsfile})) {
		$self->{err} = "couldn't open $self->{rcsfile}: $!";
		return undef;
	}

	# The preamble contains information about the archive.  We slurp it in as a single
	# paragraph

	my $oldseparator = $/;
	$/ = "";

	my $data = <INPUT>;
	$data =~ s/[\n\r\s]+/ /g;
	my @tokens = split (/\s*;\s*/, $data);

	$self->{strict} = 0;

	# For the moment, we only parse head, locks, symbols and strict.
	foreach my $token (@tokens) {
		if ($token =~ /^access/) {
			my @access = split (/ /, $token); shift @access;
                        $self->{access} = \@access if @access;
			next;
		}

		if ($token =~ /^head\s+([\d\.]+)/) {
			$self->{head} = $1;
			next;
		}

		if ($token =~ /^strict/) {
			$self->{strict} = 1;
			next;
		}

		if ($token =~ /^symbols/) {
			my @symtokens = split (/ /, $token); shift @symtokens;
			foreach my $tag (@symtokens) {
				next unless ($tag =~ /(.*):(.*)/);
				$self->{symbols}->{$1} = $2;
			}
			next;
		}

		if ($token =~ /^locks/) {
			my @symtokens = split (/ /, $token); shift @symtokens;
			foreach my $tag (@symtokens) {
				next unless ($tag =~ /(.*):(.*)/);
				$self->{revisions}->{$2}->{locker} = $1;
			}
			next;
		}
	}

	# deal with the individual revision entry
	while ($data = <INPUT>) {
		my ($nextrev);
		$data =~ s/[\n\r\s]+/ /g;
		next unless ($data =~ /([\d\.]+)\s+(.*)/);
		my $revision = $1; $data = $2;

		delete $branches{$revision} if ($branches{$revision});

		@tokens = split (/\s*;\s*/, $data);

		foreach my $token (@tokens) {
			if ($token =~ /^next\s+([\d\.]+)/) {
				my ($up, $down) = qw (parent child);
				$nextrev = $1;

				# set up doubly linked list so that each revision knows what's next
				# to it.  For some reason which I don't see, the direction of the
				# next revisions in the head line is in the opposite direction to
				# revisions in the branches.  If you don't understand what I mean
				# here, take a look at the direction of the arrows in the ascii art
				# in the man page for rcsfile(5).  This means that we have to
				# invert child and parent in this context.

				if ($revision =~ /^\d+\.\d+$/) {		# i.e. head branch
					($up, $down) = qw (child parent);	# i.e. arseways
				}

				$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{$down} = $nextrev;
				$self->{revisions}->{$nextrev}->{$up} = $revision;

				# we need a place to put in initial revision numbers. This is as
				# good as any
				$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{linesadded} = 0;
				$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{linesdeleted} = 0;
				next;
			}

			if ($token =~ /^author\s+(\S+)/) {
				$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{author} = $1;
				next;
			}

			if ($token =~ /^state\s+(\S+)/) {
				$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{state} = $1;
				next;
			}

			if ($token =~ /^date\s+(\S+)/) {
				$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{date} = $1;
				next;
			}

			if ($token =~ /^branches/) {
				my @symtokens = split (/ /, $token); shift @symtokens;
				next unless ($#symtokens >= 0);
				push (@{$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{branches}}, @symtokens);
				foreach my $symtoken (@symtokens) {
					$self->{revisions}->{$symtoken}->{parent} = $revision;
					$branches{$symtoken} = 1;
				}

				next;
			}
		}

		last unless ($nextrev || scalar(%branches));
	}

	# Now we need to go back to line-by-line processing mode
	$/ = $oldseparator;

	my $intext = 0;

	# pull out the archive description
	while (chomp($data = <INPUT>)) {

		if (!$intext && $data =~ /^desc/) {
			$intext = 1;
			next;
		}

		# first line of data text
		if ($intext == 1 && $data =~ /^\@/) {
			$data =~ s/^\@//;
			$intext++;
		}
			
		# end of text input is marked by @ at EOL
		if ($intext && $data =~ /[^\@]*\@$/) {
			$data =~ s/\@$//;	# remove trailing 
			push @{$self->{desc}}, $data if ($data);
			$intext = 0;
			last;
		}

		push @{$self->{desc}}, $data if ($intext);
	}

	my $texttype = ""; my $revision = "";
	my $donelog = 0; my $donetext = 0;

	# finally we reach the revision info
	while ($data = <INPUT>) {
		my $added = 0;
		my $deleted = 0;

		chomp ($data);

		next if (!$revision && $data =~ /^\s*$/);

		$revision = $data;

		$data = <INPUT>;
		if ($data =~ /^log/) {
			chomp ($data = <INPUT>);
			$data =~ s/^\@//;
			push @{$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{log}}, log_unquote($data) if ($data =~ /./);
			while (chomp($data = <INPUT>)) {
				if ($data =~ /(|[^\@])\@$/) {
					$data =~ s/\@$//;
					push @{$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{log}}, log_unquote($data) if ($data);
					last;
				}
				push @{$self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{log}}, log_unquote($data);
			}
		}

		$data = <INPUT>;
		if ($data =~ /^text/) {
			$data = <INPUT>;
			$data =~ s/^\@//;

			TEXT: while ($data) {
				chomp($data);

				if ($data =~ /(|[^\@])\@$/) {
					$data =~ s/\@$//;
					last TEXT;
				}

				if ($revision eq $self->{head}) {
					$data = <INPUT>;
					next TEXT;
				} elsif ($data =~ /^d\d+\s+(\d+)$/) {
					$deleted += $1;
				} elsif ($data =~ /^a\d+\s+(\d+)$/) {
					my $localadd = $1;
					$added += $localadd;
					for (my $i = 0; $i <$localadd; $i++) {
						$data = <INPUT>;
						redo TEXT if ($data =~ /(|[^\@])\@$/); # urk, spaghetti
					}
				}
				$data = <INPUT>;
			};

			if ($revision eq $self->{head}) {
				$revision = "";
				next;
			}

			# Due to the way that branches are managed, the head branch always lists
			# diffs relative to the child revision, while sub-branches always list them
			# relative to the current revision.  See the explanation above for more
			# details

			my ($diffrecip);

			if ($revision =~ /^\d+\.\d+$/) {
				$diffrecip = $self->child(revision => $revision);
				$self->{revisions}->{$diffrecip}->{linesadded} = $deleted;
				$self->{revisions}->{$diffrecip}->{linesdeleted} = $added;
			} else {
				$diffrecip = $revision;
				$self->{revisions}->{$diffrecip}->{linesadded} = $added;
				$self->{revisions}->{$diffrecip}->{linesdeleted} = $deleted;
			}

			$revision = "";
		}
	}

	close (INPUT);

	delete ($self->{parsing});
	$self->timestamp;
	$self->{parsed} = 1;

	1;
}


##
## diff
##

sub diff {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;
	my ($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr);

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	my $cmdargs = "";

	my %outputformat = (
		"context" => "-c",
		"unified" => "-u",
		"old" => "",
	);

	unless (defined $args{format}) {
		$args{format} = "old";
	}

	my $validformats = join('|', keys %outputformat);
	if ($args{format} =~ /^($validformats)$/i) {
		$cmdargs = $outputformat{lc($1)};
	} else {
		$cmdargs = $outputformat{"old"};
	}

	foreach my $rev ($args{revision1}, $args{revision2}) {
		next unless (defined ($rev));
		# We can either have a revision or a tag here
		unless (defined ($self->{revisions}->{$rev}) || 
			defined ($self->{symbols}->{$rev})) {
			$self->{err} = "invalid revision number / tag supplied";
			return undef;
		}

		$cmdargs .= " -r".shell_quote("$rev");
	}

	my $q = $self->{hpux} ? '' : '-q';
	my $command = "rcsdiff $q $cmdargs ".shell_quote($self->{rcsfile});

	($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr) = $self->pipestderrout(command => $command, dir => $self->{workdir});

	if ($exitcode > 1) {
		$self->{err} = join("\n", @{$stderr})."\n";
		return undef;
	}

	return $stdout;
}


##
## checkin
##

sub checkin {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;
	my $cmdargs = "";
	my ($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr);

	$self->{err} = "";

	$args{log} = "*** empty log message ***" unless (defined ($args{log}) && $args{log} =~ /\S/);

	$cmdargs .= "-m".shell_quote($args{log});

	# Added 'tag' argument to checkin so we can tag the revision checked in
	if ( defined $args{tag} ) {
		$cmdargs .= ( defined($args{force}) and istrue($args{force}) ) ? " -N" : " -n";
		$cmdargs .= shell_quote($args{tag});
	}

	my $lock = defined ($args{lock}) ? istrue ($args{lock}) : 0;
	my $checkout = (defined ($args{checkout}) || $lock) ? istrue ($args{checkout}) : 1;

	if ($lock) {
		$cmdargs .= " -l";
	} elsif ($checkout) {
		$cmdargs .= " -u";
	}

	if (defined ($args{revision})) {
		unless ($args{revision} =~ /^\d[\d\.]*\d$/) {
			$self->{err} = "incorrect revision format";
			return undef;
		}
		if (defined ($self->{revisions}->{$args{revision}})) {
			$self->{err} = "specified revision already exists";
			return undef;
		}
		$cmdargs .= " -r".shell_quote($args{revision});
	}

	my $command = "ci $cmdargs ".shell_quote($self->{rcsfile});

	($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr) = $self->pipestderrout(command => $command, dir => $self->{workdir});

	if ($exitcode > 0) {
		$self->{err} = join("\n", @{$stderr})."\n";
		return undef;
	}

	return 1;
}


##
## checkout
##

sub checkout {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;
	my $cmdargs = "";
	my ($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr);

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	$cmdargs .= " -l" if (defined ($args{lock}) && istrue ($args{lock}));

	# HP-UX co does not have -f option, so just delete the file
	if ( $self->{hpux} ) {
		if (defined($args{force}) and istrue($args{force})) {
			unlink "$self->{workdir}/$self->{file}";
		}
	} else {
		$cmdargs .= " -f" if (defined ($args{force}) && istrue ($args{force}));
	}

	if (defined ($args{revision})) {
		$self->rexists (revision => $args{revision}) || return undef;
		$cmdargs .= " -r".shell_quote($args{revision});
	}

	my $command = "co $cmdargs ".shell_quote($self->{rcsfile});

	($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr) = $self->pipestderrout(command => $command, dir => $self->{workdir});

	if ($exitcode > 0) {
		$self->{err} = join("\n", @{$stderr})."\n";
		return undef;
	}

	return 1;
}


##
## lock
##
## Locks the specified revision in the archive 
##
## parameters:
##	[revision]	the revision number to lock
##	[lock]		1 => lock, 0 => unlock [default: lock]
##

sub lock {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;
	
	my $cmdargs = "";
	my ($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr, $lockcmd);

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	if (defined ($args{lock})) {
		$lockcmd = istrue ($args{lock}) ? "l" : "u";
	} else {
		$lockcmd = "l";
	}

	$cmdargs .= " -$lockcmd";
	
	if (defined ($args{revision})) {
		$self->rexists (revision => $args{revision}) || return undef;
		$cmdargs .= shell_quote($args{revision});
	}

	my $command = "rcs $cmdargs ".shell_quote($self->{rcsfile});

	($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr) = $self->pipestderrout(command => $command, dir => $self->{workdir});

	if ($exitcode > 0) {
		$self->{err} = join("\n", @{$stderr})."\n";
		return undef;
	}

	return 1;
}


##
## unlock
##

sub unlock {
	my $self = shift;

	$self->lock (lock => 0, @_);
}


##
## initialize
##

sub initialize {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;

	my $cmdargs = "";
	my ($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr, $lockcmd);

	if ($self->archived) {
		$self->{err} = "RCS archive already exists";
		return undef;
	}

	$args{description} = "" unless (defined ($args{description}) && $args{description} =~ /\S/);

	$cmdargs .= " -kb" if ($args{binary});
	$cmdargs .= " -t-".shell_quote($args{description}) if ($args{description});

	my $command = "rcs -i $cmdargs ".shell_quote($self->{rcsfile});

	($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr) = $self->pipestderrout(command => $command, dir => $self->{workdir});

	if ($exitcode > 0) {
		$self->{err} = join("\n", @{$stderr})."\n";
		return undef;
	}

	return $self->parse;
}


##
## rexists
##

sub rexists {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;
	my $revision;

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	unless (defined ($args{revision})) {
		$self->{err} = "revision parameter not defined";
		return undef;
	}

	$revision = $self->symbol_lookup(symbol => $args{revision});

	unless (defined($self->{revisions})) {
		$self->{err} = "revision tree does not exist - RCS archive not yet set up";
		return undef;
	}

	if (defined ($self->{revisions}->{$revision})){
		return $revision;
	}

	$self->{err} = "revision not found in RCS archive";
	return undef;
}

##
## parent
##

sub parent {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	my $revision = defined ($args{revision}) ? $self->symbol_lookup(symbol => $args{revision}) : $self->{head};

	$self->rexists (revision => $revision) || return undef;

	return $self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{parent};
}


##
## child
##

sub child {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	my $revision = defined ($args{revision}) ? $self->symbol_lookup(symbol => $args{revision}) : $self->{head};

	$self->rexists (revision => $revision) || return undef;

	return $self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{child};
}


##
## revisions
##

sub revisions {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;

	# FIXME: we need to do something about branches here

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	my @array = keys (%{$self->{revisions}});

	\@array;
}


##
## symbols
##

sub symbols {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	my @array = keys (%{$self->{symbols}});

	\@array;
}

##
## access
##

# Added access method to return access list of rcs file
sub access {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	return unless exists $self->{access};

	my @array = @{$self->{access}} or return;

	\@array;
}

##
## description
##

sub description {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	if ($args{description}) {
		my ($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr);
		my $cmdargs .= " -t-".shell_quote($args{description});
		my $command = "rcs -q $cmdargs ".shell_quote($self->{rcsfile});
		
		($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr) = $self->pipestderrout(command => $command, dir => $self->{workdir});
		
		if ($exitcode > 1) {
			$self->{err} = join("\n", @{$stderr})."\n";
			return undef;
		}
		$self->{desc} = $args{description};
	}

	return $self->{desc};
}

##
## AUTOLOAD
##

sub AUTOLOAD {
	my $self = shift;
	my ($method) = $AUTOLOAD;
	my %args = @_;
	my $revision;

	$method =~ s/^.*:://;

	($method =~ /^(access|locked|locker|state|author|date|log)$/) ||
		confess ("Can't locate object method \"$method\"");

	$method = "locker" if ($method eq "locked");

	$self->{err} = "";

	$self->parse || return undef;

	$revision = defined ($args{revision}) ? $self->symbol_lookup(symbol => $args{revision}) : $self->{head};

	$self->rexists (revision => $revision) || return undef;

	if (defined ($self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{$method})) {
		return $self->{revisions}->{$revision}->{$method};
	}

	return undef;
}

##
## DESTROY
##
## Some methods explicitly call DESTROY().  We need something to return
## success.
##

sub DESTROY {
	return;
}


##
## pipestderrout
##
## executes a command, trapping the output from both STDERR and STDOUT. This sort of thing is a 
## real pain in the ass in perl, and the simplest (but not the most efficient) way to do it is
## to simply use shell redirects to files and then slurp up the contents of these files.  The best 
## way to do it is probably to use IPC::Run which is unfortunately a pretty heavyweight package.
##
## this command should not be called from any user programs.  The API may change at any stage
## without warning.  Use at your own risk.  May bite if not handled carefully.
##
## returns:	an array containing the exit code and references to stdout and stderr respectively
##		undef if no command is issued, or if the temporary directory is unwritable,
##		putting flag in error buffer.
##

sub pipestderrout {
	my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;
	my ($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr, $cwd);

	unless (defined ($args{command})) {
		$self->{err} = "must supply \"command\" argument";
		return undef;
	}

	my $tmpdir = defined ($self->{tmpdir}) ? $self->{tmpdir} : "/tmp";
	unless (-d $tmpdir && -r$tmpdir) {
		$self->{err} = "cannot write to tmpdir: \"$tmpdir\"";
		return undef;
	}

	my $tmpstdout = File::Temp::mktemp("$tmpdir/tempXXXXXX");
	my $tmpstderr = File::Temp::mktemp("$tmpdir/tempXXXXXX");

	if (defined ($args{dir})) {
		$cwd = cwd();
		# $cwd is tainted.  we need to untaint
		$cwd =~ m|^([/\w\-\._]+)$|;
		$cwd = $1;
		unless (chdir ($args{dir})) {
			$self->{err} = "cannot change to working directory";
			return undef;
		}
	}

	my $retval = system ("$args{command} < /dev/null 1> $tmpstdout 2> $tmpstderr");

	if (defined ($cwd)) {
		chdir ($cwd);
	}

	$exitcode = $retval >> 8;
	
	my @buf1 = ();
	open (INPUT, $tmpstdout);
	while (<INPUT>) {
		chomp;
		push @buf1, $_;
	}
	close (INPUT);
	unlink ($tmpstdout);
	$stdout = \@buf1;	

	my @buf2 = ();
	open (INPUT, $tmpstderr);
	while (<INPUT>) {
		chomp;
		push @buf2, $_;
	}
	close (INPUT);
	unlink ($tmpstderr);
	$stderr = \@buf2;

	return ($exitcode, $stdout, $stderr);
}


##
## symbol_lookup
##
## Looks up the parameter "symbol" in the RCS symbols table, and if found,
## returns the revision version of the symbol.  Otherwise, returns the
## original version of the "symbol" parameter.
##
## This function allow you do do things like:
##
## $args{revision} = $self->symbol_lookup(symbol => $args{revision});
##
## which allows the programmer to use rcs symbols everywhere instead of
## version numbers.
##

sub symbol_lookup {
        my $self = shift;
	my %args = @_;

	if (defined ($self->{symbols}->{$args{symbol}})) {
		return $self->{symbols}->{$args{symbol}};
	}

	return $args{symbol};
}


##
## log_unquote
##
## Converts from internal RCS quoted-log format to normal format
##

sub log_unquote {
	my $arg = shift;
	
	$arg =~ s/\@\@/\@/g;

	$arg;
}


##
## log_quote
##
## Converts from normal text format to internal RCS quoted-log format.
##

sub log_quote {
	my $arg = shift;
	
	$arg =~ s/\@/\@\@/g;

	$arg;
}


##
## true
##
## evaluates to one or zero, depending on the argument supplied 
##

sub istrue {
	my $arg = shift;
	
	if ($arg =~ /^(y|ye|yes|t|tr|tru|true|1)/i) {
		return 1;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

##
## usinghpux
##
## Setting this invokes some hackery elsewhere
## to get around crippled behaviour on HP's version of rcs
##

sub usinghpux {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->{hpux} = shift;
}