Regexp::Log::BlueCoat - A regexp builder to parse BlueCoat log files

Regexp-Log-BlueCoat documentation Contained in the Regexp-Log-BlueCoat distribution.

Index

Code Index:

NAME

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Regexp::Log::BlueCoat - A regexp builder to parse BlueCoat log files

SYNOPSIS

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    my $blue = Regexp::Log::BlueCoat->new(
        format  => '%g %e %a %w/%s %b %m %i %u %H/%d %c',
        capture => [qw( host code )],
    );

    # the format() and capture() methods can be used to set or get
    $blue->format('%g %e %a %w/%s %b %m %i %u %H/%d %c %f %A');
    $blue->capture(qw( host code ));
    $blue->ufs( 'smartfilter' );

    # this is necessary to know in which order
    # we will receive the captured fields from the regex
    my @fields = $blue->capture;

    # the all-powerful capturing regex :-)
    my $re = $blue->regex;

    while (<>) {
        my %data;
        @data{@fields} = /$re/;

        # do something with the fields
    }

DESCRIPTION

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Regexp::Log::BlueCoat is a module that computes custom regular expressions to parse log files generated by the BlueCoat Sytems Port 80 Security Appliance.

See the Regexp::Log documentation for a description of the standard Regexp::Log interface.

Streaming media logs

This version of Regexp::Log::BlueCoat does not support streaming related logs. You will have to add the following line at the beginning of the log parsing loop in your scripts, if your BlueCoat appliance is configured to log those events.

    next if /^(?:Windows_Media|<RealMedia>)/;

This may or may not be faster than have the regular expression generated by the regexp() method fail on each streaming log line.

METHODS

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Regexp::Log::BlueCoat is a standard Regexp::Log object, and therefore supports all the standard Regexp::Log methods.

Regexp::Log::BlueCoat's constructor accepts several BlueCoat specific arguments:

    ufs    - URL Filtering Service
    login  - The type of username information

Note: Though BlueCoat supports SmartFilter, Websense and others, Regexp::Log::BlueCoat only support SmartFilter UFS in this version.

The appropriate accessors are defined for them (if used to set, they return the new value for the attribute).

ufs( [$ufs] )

Get/set the URL Filter System type (%f and %W). Only smartfilter is supported in this version.

ufs_category( category => string, [...] )

This method lets you override the default category names in your UFS.

For example, SmartFilter allows to configure the name of the categories; Regexp::Log::BlueCoat supports the default category names, but lets you override them if needed.

The changes are applied on the objet current ufs.

    $log->ufs('smartfilter');
    $log->ufs_category( hm => 'FunStuff' );    # change the Humor category

See URL FILTERING SYSTEMS for details about the category names.

When called without arguments, ufs_category() will return the whole category list for the instance.

ufs_category( ufs_name, category => string, [...] )

This method can also be called as a class method.

If you'd rather change the UFS category names for every Regexp::Log::BlueCoat that will be created, you can use the method as a class method.

You'll need to tell ufs_category() on which UFS to apply these modifications.

    Regexp::Log::BlueCoat->ufs_category(
        'smartfilter',
        hm => 'Fun',      # change the Humor category
        mp => 'Music',    # change the MP3 category
    );

These changes will be on for any new Regexp::Log::Object you'll create.

When called with a single argument, ufs_category() will return the whole category list for the specified UFS for the class.

login()

Get/set the user login type (%u).

This version supports username (standard bareword) and ldap (standard CN=John Smith,O=Company,... form).

PREDEFINED FORMATS

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Regexp::Log::BlueCoat supports several standards log formats. These can be set up by using their short name as the format string, with the format() method.

 Description               Name    Format String
 -----------               ----    -------------
 Squid log format          :squid  %g %e %a %w/%s %b %m %i %u %H/%d %c
 NCSA common log format    :clf    %h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b
 NCSA extended log format  :elf    %h %l %u %L "%r" %s %b "%R" "%A"
 Microsoft IIS format      :iis    %a, -, %x, %y, %S, %N, %I, %e, %b, %B, %s, 0, %m, %U, -

FIELDS

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Blue Coat custom format

Not all %-escapes are supported in this version of Regexp::Log::BlueCoat. ELFF is not supported yet.

Multiple consecutive spaces in the format string are compressed to a single space.

The following list is straight from Blue Coat's documentation.

 Name ELFF                  Description
 ---- ----                  -----------
 %    -                     Denotes an expansion field.
 %%   -                     Denotes '%' character.
 %a   c-ip                  Client IP address. 
 %b   sc-bytes              Number of bytes returned by the server
                            (or the Cache).
 %c   cs (content-type)     The type of object. Usually the MIME-type.
 %d   cs-supplier-name      SUPPLIER NAME - Name or IP address of the
                            server/cache from which the object was received.
 %e   time-taken            Number of milliseconds request took to process.
 %f   sc-filter-category    Filtering reason. Why it was denied (such as
                            sex or business)
 %g    timestamp            UNIX type timestamp.
 %h    c-ip                 Client Hostname (uses IP to avoid reverse DNS)
                            - same as %a
 %i    cs-uri               The requested URI. Note: Web trends expects
                            this to be only cs-uri-stem + cs-uri-query
 %j    -                    [Not used.]
 %l    -                    Client Identification string.
                            (User Login name remote). - always '-'
 %m    cs-method            HTTP method. HTTP methods include GET, PUT,
                            POST, and so on.
 %n    -                    [Not used.]
 %o    -                    [Not used.]
 %p    r-port Port          fetched from on host - origin server port
 %q    -                    [Not used.]
 %r    cs-request-line      First line of the request
 %s    sc-status            The code returned by the cache to the client
                            (HTTP code). 
 %t    gmttime              GMT date and time of the user request, in
                            the format [DD/MM/YYYY:hh:mm:ss GMT]
 %u    cs-username          Authenticated user ID.
 %v    cs-host              Name of host sourcing the object.
 %w    s-action             What type of action did the CM take to process
                            this request. NOTE: 'cached' is used by ELFF
                            but has int value.
 %x    date                 Date in YYYY-MM-DD format
 %y    time                 GMT time in HH:MM:SS format
 %z    -                    [Not used.]
 %A    cs (user-agent)      User agent
 %B    cs-bytes             The number of bytes received by the server
 %C    cs (cookie)          Cookie data
 %D    s-supplier-ip        SUPPLIER IP - IP address of server/cache from
                            which the object was received.
 %E    s-Policy-Message     Policy enforcement message
 %F    -                    [Not used.]
 %G    -                    [Not used.]
 %H    s-hierarchy          How and where the object was retrieved from the
                            cache hierarchy (DIRECT from the server,
                            PARENT_HIT = from the parent cache, and so on) 
 %I    s-ip                 Server IP, the IP address of the server on which
                            the log entry was generated
 %J    -                    [Not used.]
 %K    -                    [Not used.]
 %L    localtime            Local date and time of the user request in
                            format: [DD/MMM/YYYY:hh:mm:ss +nnnn]
 %M    -                    [Not used.]
 %N    s-computername       Server name, the name of the server on which
                            the log entry was generated
 %O    -                    [Not used.]
 %P    s-port               Server port, the port number the client is
                            connected to.
 %Q    cs-uri-query         The URI query portion of the URL
 %R    cs (Referer)         Request referrer
 %S    s-sitename           Internet service and instance number running
                            on client computer
 %T    duration             Elapsed time, seconds
 %U    cs-uri-stem          Object path from request URL
 %V    cs-version           The protocol (HTTP, FTP) version used by
                            the client.
 %W    sc-filter-result     UFS event (May differ between Websense or
                            SmartFilter or others).
 %X    cs (X-Forwarded-For) The IP address of the device which sent
                            the HTTP request.
 %Y    -                    [Not used.]
 %Z    -                    [Not used.]

URL FILTERING SYSTEMS

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The BlueCoat Systems Port 80 Security Appliance supports two URL Filtering Systems (UFS): SmartFilter and Websense.

Since I only had access to log files generated with a BlueCoat + SmartFilter combination, this version of Regexp::Log only supports SmartFilter UFS. Patches welcome!

SmartFilter

When ufs is set to smartfilter, the computed regular expression matches the default SmartFilter category names. These can be changed in SmartFilter's configuration (furthermore one can create one's own categories, with user-defined names).

So we need to be able to modify the category names, either in an object instance, or in class data (shared by all instances).

To compute a regular expression that matches your specific fields, there are several possibilities:

Make the changes in your object instance

The method ufs_category() lets you replace any standard category by your own, and even add new "categories" (text that will be matched by the %f fields).

These changes are valid for the object only.

See ufs_category() for details.

Change the Regexp::Log::BlueCoat class itself

ufs_category() can be used as a class method.

One can also be adventurous and acces %Regexp::Log::BlueCoat::UFS directly, but you'll need to read the source to understand the details. Here's an example:

    $Regexp::Log::UFS{smartfilter} = { simple => '[-\\w]+' };

SmartFilter default categories are:

 Key  Default value                        Category
 ---  -------------                        --------
 sx   "sex"                                Sex
 dr   "drugs"                              Drugs
 hs   "hate speech"                        Hate Speech
 cs   "crim. skills"                       Criminal Skills
 nd   "nudity"                             Nudity
 os   "on-line sales"                      Online Sales
 gb   "gambling"                           Gambling
 pp   "personal pages"                     Personnal Pages
 js   "job search"                         Job Search
 sp   "sports"                             Sports
 gm   "games"                              Games
 hm   "humor"                              Humor
 mp   "MP3 sites"                          MP3 Sites
 et   "entertainment"                      Entertainment
 ls   "lifestyle"                          Lifestyle
 ex   "extreme"                            Extreme
 ch   "chat"                               Chat
 in   "investing"                          Investing
 nw   "general news"                       General News
 po   "politics, opinion, religion"        Politics, Opinion, Religion
 mm   "dating"                             Dating
 ac   "art/culture"                        Art/Culture
 na   "usenet news access"                 Usenet News Access
 oc   "cults/occult"                       Cults/Occult
 na   "Usenet News"                        Usenet News
 sh   "self help"                          Self-Help
 tr   "travel"                             Travel
 mt   "mature"                             Mature
 wm   "webmail"                            Webmail
 ps   "portal sites"                       Portal Sites
 an   "anonymizer/translator"              Anonymizer/Translator
 u0   "user defined category 0"            First User-defined Category
 u1   "user defined category 1"            Second User-defined Category
 u2   "user defined category 2"            Third User-defined Category
 u3   "user defined category 3"            Fourth User-defined Category
 u4   "user defined category 4"            Fifth User-defined Category
 u5   "user defined category 5"            Sixth User-defined Category
 u6   "user defined category 6"            Seventh User-defined Category
 u7   "user defined category 7"            Eighth User-defined Category
 u8   "user defined category 8"            Ninth User-defined Category
 u9   "user defined category 9"            Tenth User-defined Category

Regexp::Log::BlueCoat add the following three categories:

 Key             Default value                  Category
 ---             -------------                  --------
 none            "-"                            None
 uncategorized   "uncategorized"                Uncategorized
 not_applied     "content_filter_not_applied"   Filter not applied

Websense

Websense is not supported yet. Patches and log file excerpts are welcome.

TODO

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Support streaming logs: Windows Media and RealMedia.

Support the W3C Extended Log File Format (ELFF), which is a subset of the Blue Coat format where each field is described using a text string.

Have a look at the entries that produce multi-line logs.

BUGS

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Most of the developpement has been done when I was trying to process logs created with the following format: %g %e %a %w/%s %b %m %i %u %H/%d %c %f %A.

Which means that the regular expressions that this module produces do not cover every possible format.

If Regexp::Log::BlueCoat's regular expressions do not match some of the log that you are trying to munge, please use the eg/notmatch.pl script and send the resulting file to me.

REFERENCES

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Blue Coat Systems Port 80 Security Appliance, Configuration and Management Guide: http://www.bluecoat.com/downloads/manuals/BC_Config_Mgmt_Guide.pdf

Secure Computing Smartfilter, Installation & Configuration Guide, version 3.1.2: http://www.securecomputing.com/pdf/SFConfig312_IC_RevE.pdf

THANKS

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Thanks to Jarkko Hietaniemi for Regex::PreSuf.

AUTHOR

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Philippe 'BooK' Bruhat <book@cpan.org>.

LICENCE

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This module is free software; you can redistribute it or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

Regexp-Log-BlueCoat documentation Contained in the Regexp-Log-BlueCoat distribution. 
package Regexp::Log::BlueCoat;

use strict;
use Carp;
use Regexp::Log 0.01;
use base qw( Regexp::Log );
use vars qw( $VERSION %DEFAULT %FORMAT %REGEXP %UFS );

$VERSION = 0.03;


my $IP   = '\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}';
my $HOST = '[-.\\S]+';

# define the BlueCoat specific stuff
%REGEXP = (

    # %% - Denotes '%' character -
    '%%' => '%',

    # %a   c-ip Client IP address. Yes
    '%a' => "(?#=c-ip)$IP(?#!c-ip)",

    # %b   sc-bytes Number of bytes returned by the server (or the Cache).  Yes
    '%b' => '(?#=sc-bytes)-|\\d+(?#!sc-bytes)',

    # %c   cs (content-type) The type of object. Usually the MIME-type. No
    '%c' => '(?#=cs-content-type)-|UNKNOWN|\\S+(?:/\\S+)?(?#!cs-content-type)',

# %d   cs-supplier-name SUPPLIER NAME - Name or IP address of the server/cache from which the object was received.  Yes
    '%d' => "(?#=cs-supplier-name)-|$HOST(?#!cs-supplier-name)",

    # %e   time-taken Number of milliseconds request took to process.  Yes
    '%e' => '(?#=time-taken)\\d+(?#!time-taken)',

    # %f   sc-filter-category Filtering reason. Why it was denied (such as sex or business) No
    # this is handled in _postprocess()
    '%f' => '(?#=sc-filter-category)%f(?#!sc-filter-category)',

    # %g    timestamp UNIX type timestamp. Yes
    '%g' => '(?#=timestamp)\\d+\\.\\d+(?#!timestamp)',

    # %h    c-ip Client Hostname (uses IP to avoid reverse DNS) - same as %a Yes
    '%h' => "(?#=c-hostname)-|$HOST(?#!c-hostname)",

# %i    cs-uri The requested URI. Note: Web trends expects this to be only cs-uri-stem + cs-uri-query No
    '%i' => '(?#=cs-uri)-|\\S+://\\S+|.*?(?#!cs-uri)',

    # %j    -  [Not used.] -
    '%j' => '',

# %l    - Client Identification string. (User Login name remote). - always '-' Yes
# %m    cs-method HTTP method. HTTP methods include GET, PUT, POST, and so on.  Yes
    '%m' =>
'(?#=cs-method)-|OPTIONS|GET|HEAD|POST|PUT|DELETE|TRACE|CONNECT(?#!cs-method)',

    # %n    - [Not used.] -
    '%n' => '',

    # %o    - [Not used.] -
    '%o' => '',

    # %p    r-port Port fetched from on host - origin server port Yes
    '%p' => '(?#=r-port)\\d+(?#!r-port)',

    # %q    - [Not used.] -
    '%q' => '',

# %r    cs-request-line First line of the request No
# %s    sc-status The code returned by the cache to the client (HTTP code).  Yes
    '%s' => '(?#=sc-status)\\d{1,4}(?#!sc-status)',

# %t    gmttime GMT date and time of the user request, in the format [DD/MM/YYYY:hh:mm:ss GMT] Yes
    '%t' =>
'(?#=gmttime)-|\\[(?#=gmtday)\\d\\d(?#!gmtday)/(?#=gmtmonth)\\d\\d(?#!gmtmonth)/(?#=gmtyear)\\d\\d\\d\\d(?#!gmtyear):(?#=gmthour)\\d\\d(?#!gmthour):(?#=gmtminute)(?#!gmtminute):(?#=gmtsecond)(?#!gmtsecond) GMT\\](?#!gmttime)',

    # %u    cs-username Authenticated user ID. Yes
    '%u' => '(?### You must define \'login\' to use %u in format ###))',

# %v    cs-host Name of host sourcing the object. Yes
# %w    s-action What type of action did the CM take to process this request. NOTE: 'cached' is used by ELFF but has int value.  Yes
    '%w' =>
'(?#=s-action)(?:TCP_(?:CLIENT_REFRESH|DENIED|ERR_MISS|HIT|M(?:EM_HIT|ISS)|NC_MISS|PARTIAL_MISS|REFRESH_(?:HIT|MISS)|S(?:PLASHED|WAPFAIL)|TUNNELED)?|UDP_(?:DENIED|HIT|INVALID|MISS(?:_NOFETCH)?)?)(?#!s-action)',

    # %x    date Date in YYYY-MM-DD format Yes
    '%x' =>
'(?#=date)(?#=year)\\d\\d\\d\\d(?#!year)-(?#=month)\\d\\d(?#!month)-(?#=day)\\d\\d(?#!day)(?#!date)',

    # %y    time GMT time in HH:MM:SS format No
    '%y' =>
'(?#=time)(?#=hour)\\d\\d(?#!hour):(?#=minute)\\d\\d(?#!minute):(?#=second)\\d\\d(?#!second)(?#!time)',

    # %z    - [Not used.] -
    '%z' => '',

    # %A    cs (user-agent) User agent No
    '%A' => '(?#=user-agent).*(?#!user-agent)',

    # %B    cs-bytes The number of bytes received by the server Yes
    '%b' => '(?#=cs-bytes)\\d+(?#!cs-bytes)',

# %C    cs (cookie) Cookie data No
# %D    s-supplier-ip SUPPLIER IP - IP address of server/cache from which the object was received.  Yes
# %E    s-Policy-Message Policy enforcement message Yes
# %F    - [Not used.] -
    '%F' => '',

    # %G    - [Not used.] -
    '%G' => '',

# %H    s-hierarchy How and where the object was retrieved from the cache hierarchy (DIRECT from the server, PARENT_HIT = from the parent cache, and so on) No
    '%H' =>
'(?#=s-hierarchy)DIRECT|NONE|(?:PARENT|SIBLING)_HIT|FIRST_PARENT_MISS(?#!s-hierarchy)',

# %I    s-ip Server IP, the IP address of the server on which the log entry was generated Yes
# %J    - [Not used.] -
    '%J' => '',

    # %K    - [Not used.] -
    '%K' => '',

# %L    localtime Local date and time of the user request in format: [DD/MMM/YYYY:hh:mm:ss +nnnn] Yes
    '%L' =>
'\\[(?#=localtime)(?#=localday)\\d\\d(?#!localday)/(?#=localmonth)\\d\\d(?#!localmonth)/(?#=localyear)\\d\\d\\d\\d(?#!localyear):(?#=localhour)\\d\\d(?#!localhour):(?#=localminute)\\d\\d(?#!localminute):(?#=localsecond)\\d\\d(?#!localsecond) \\+\\d\\d\\d\\d(?#!localtime)\\]',

    # %M    - [Not used.] -
    '%M' => '',

# %N    s-computername Server name, the name of the server on which the log entry was generated Yes
    '%N' => "(?#=s-computername)$HOST(?#!s-computername)",

    # %O    - [Not used.] -
    '%O' => '',

    # %P    s-port Server port, the port number the client is connected to.  Yes
    '%P' => '(?#=s-port)\\d+(?#!s-port)',

# %Q    cs-uri-query The URI query portion of the URL No
# %R    cs (Referer) Request referrer No
# %S    s-sitename Internet service and instance number running on client computer Yes
# %T    duration Elapsed time, seconds Yes
    '%T' => '(?#=duration)\\d+(?#!duration)',

# %U    cs-uri-stem Object path from request URL Yes
# %V    cs-version The protocol (HTTP, FTP) version used by the client.  Yes
# %W    sc-filter-result UFS event (May differ between Websense or SmartFilter or others).  No
    # this is handled in _postprocess() and is unsupported yet
    '%W' => '',

# %X    cs (X-Forwarded-For) The IP address of the device which sent the HTTP request.  No
# %Y    - [Not used.] -
    '%Y' => '',

    # %Z    - [Not used.] -
    '%Z' => '',

    # UFS specific
    # Smartfilter

    # Login specific
    '%u-username' => '(?#=cs-username)[-.\\w]+(?#!cs-username)',
    '%u-ldap'     =>
      '(?#=cs-username)-|(?:[A-Za-z]+=[^,]*,)*[A-Za-z]=[^,]*?(?#!cs-username)',
);


sub ufs {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->{ufs} = shift if @_;
    return $self->{ufs};
}


sub ufs_category {
    my $self = shift;

    # instance method
    if ( ref $self ) {
        my $ufs = $self->{ufs};
        if (@_) {
            my %ufs = @_;
            @{ $self->{_ufs}{$ufs} }{ keys %ufs } = values %ufs;
        }
        else { return ( %{ $UFS{$ufs} }, %{ $self->{_ufs}{$ufs} } ) }
    }

    # class method
    else {
        my $ufs = shift;
        if (@_) {
            my %ufs = @_;
            @{ $UFS{$ufs} }{ keys %ufs } = values %ufs;
        }
        else { return %{ $UFS{$ufs} } }
    }
}


sub login {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->{login} = shift if @_;
    return $self->{login};
}


%FORMAT = (
    ':squid' => '%g %e %a %w/%s %b %m %i %u %H/%d %c',
    ':clf'   => '%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b',
    ':elf'   => '%h %l %u %L "%r" %s %b "%R" "%A"',
    ':iis'   => '%a, -, %x, %y, %S, %N, %I, %e, %b, %B, %s, 0, %m, %U, -',
);


%UFS = (
    smartfilter => {
        none               => '-',
        uncategorized      => 'uncategorized',
        filter_not_applied => 'content_filter_not_applied',
        sx                 => "sex",
        dr                 => "drugs",
        hs                 => "hate speech",
        cs                 => "crim. skills",
        nd                 => "nudity",
        os                 => "on-line sales",
        gb                 => "gambling",
        pp                 => "personal pages",
        js                 => "job search",
        sp                 => "sports",
        gm                 => "games",
        hm                 => "humor",
        mp                 => "MP3 sites",
        et                 => "entertainment",
        ls                 => "lifestyle",
        ex                 => "extreme",
        ch                 => "chat",
        in                 => "investing",
        nw                 => "general news",
        po                 => "politics, opinion, religion",
        mm                 => "dating",
        ac                 => "art/culture",
        na                 => "usenet news access",
        oc                 => "cults/occult",
        na                 => "Usenet News",
        sh                 => "self help",
        tr                 => "travel",
        mt                 => "mature",
        wm                 => "webmail",
        ps                 => "portal sites",
        an                 => "anonymizer/translator",
        u0                 => "user defined category 0",
        u1                 => "user defined category 1",
        u2                 => "user defined category 2",
        u3                 => "user defined category 3",
        u4                 => "user defined category 4",
        u5                 => "user defined category 5",
        u6                 => "user defined category 6",
        u7                 => "user defined category 7",
        u8                 => "user defined category 8",
        u9                 => "user defined category 9",
    },
    websense => {},
);
 
%DEFAULT = (
    format  => '',
    capture => [],
    ufs     => '',
    login   => '',
    _ufs    => { map { ($_, {} ) } keys %UFS },
);

sub _preprocess {
    my $self  = shift;
    my $login = $self->{login};

    # Login specific regexps
    $self->{_regexp} =~ s/%u/%u-$login/g
      if defined $login && $login =~ /^(?:ldap|username)$/;

    # Multiple consecutive spaces are compressed to a single space
    $self->{_regexp} =~ s/ +/ /g;
}

sub _postprocess {
    my $self = shift;
    my $ufs  = $self->{ufs};

    # UFS specific regexps
    if ( defined $ufs and $ufs ne '' ) {
        my %categories = ( %{ $UFS{$ufs} }, %{ $self->{_ufs}{$ufs} } );
        my $categories = join '|', sort values %categories;
        $self->{_regexp} =~ s/%f/$categories/g;
    }
}


1;