Tie::Util - Utility functions for fiddling with tied variables

Version 0.03

This is a beta version. If you could please test it and report any bugs (via e-mail), I would be grateful.

  use Tie::Util;

  use Tie::RefHash;
  tie %hash, 'Tie::RefHash';

  $obj = tied %hash;
  tie %another_hash, to => $obj; # two hashes now tied to the same object
  Tie::Util::tie @whatever, to => "MyClass"; # tie @whatever to a class

  is_tied %hash; # returns true

  $obj = weak_tie %hash3, 'Tie::RefHash';
  # %hash3 now holds a weak reference to the Tie::RefHash object.

  weaken_tie %another_hash; # weaken an existing tie

  is_weak_tie %hash3; # returns true
  is_weak_tie %hash;  # returns false but defined
  is_weak_tie %hash4; # returns undef (not tied)

This module provides a few subroutines for examining and modifying tied variables, including those that hold weak references to the objects to which they are tied (weak ties).

It also provides tie constructors in the to:: namespace, so that you can tie variables to existing objects, like this:

  tie $var, to => $obj;
  weak_tie @var, to => $another_obj; # for a weak tie

It also allows one to tie a variable to a package, instead of an object (see below).

All the following functions are exported by default, except for fix_tie. You can choose to import only a few, with use Tie::Util qw'is_tied weak_tie', or none at all, with use Tie::Util().

is_tied [*%@$]var

Similar to the built-in tied (tied in perlfunc) function, but it returns a simple scalar.

With this function you don't have to worry about whether the object to which a variable is tied overloads its booleanness (like JE::Boolean et al.), so you can simply write is_tied instead of defined tied.

Furthermore, it will still return true if it is a weak tie that has gone stale (the object to which it was tied [without holding a reference count] has lost all other references, so the variable is now tied to undef), whereas tied returns undef in such cases.

tie [*%@$]var, $package, @args

&tie( \$var, $package, @args );

perl did not allow the built-in to be overridden until version 5.13.3, so, for older perls, you have to call this with the Tie::Util:: prefix or use the &tie(...) notation.

This is just like the built-in function except that, when called with 'to' as the package, it allows you to tie the variable to anything (well, any scalar at least). This is probably only useful for tying a variable to a package, as opposed to an object. (Believe it or not, it's just pure Perl; no XS trickery.)

Otherwise the behaviour is identical to the core function.

weak_tie [*%@$]var, $package, @args

Like perl's tie (tie in perlfunc) function, this calls $package's tie constructor, passing it the @args, and ties the variable to the returned object. But the tie that it creates is a weak one, i.e., the tied variable does not hold a reference count on the object.

Like tie, above, it lets you tie the variable to anything, not just an object.

weaken_tie [*%@$]var

This turns an existing tie into a weak one.

is_weak_tie [*%@$]var

Returns a defined true or false, indicating whether a tied variable is weakly tied. Returns undef if the variable is not tied.

NOTE: This used to return true for a variable tied to undef. Now (as of version 0.02) it returns false, because the tie does not actually hold a weak reference; it holds no reference at all.

tied [*%@$]var

&tied( \$var )

Like perl's tied (tied in perlfunc) function, this returns what the variable is tied to, but, unlike the built-in, it returns the actual scalar that the tie uses (instead of copying it), so you can, for instance, check to see whether the variable is tied to a tied variable with tied &tied($var).

As with tie, you need to use the Tie::Util:: prefix or the ampersand form if your perl version is less than 5.13.3.

fix_tie (scalar lvalue expression)

This provides a work-around for a bug in perl that was introduced in 5.8.9 and 5.10.0, but was fixed in 5.13.2: If you assign a reference to a tied scalar variable, some operators will operate on that reference, instead of calling FETCH and using its return value.

If you assign a reference to a tied variable, or a value that might be a reference to a variable that might be tied, then you can 'fix' the tie afterwards by called fix_tie on it. fix_tie is an lvalue function that returns its first argument after fixing it, so you can replace code like

  ($var = $value) =~ s/fror/dwat/;

with

  fix_tie( $var = $value ) =~ s/fror/dwat/;

Tie::Util installs tie constructors in the 'to' package to work its magic. If anyone else wants to release a module named 'to', just let me know and I'll give you comaint status, as long as you promise not to break Tie::Util!

perl 5.8.0 or later

Exporter 5.57 or later

Scalar::Util 1.09 or later

• This module does not provide a single function to access the information obscured by a tie. For that, you can simply untie a variable, access its contents, and re-tie it (which is fairly trivial with the functions this module already provides).

To report bugs, please e-mail the author.

Copyright (C) 2007-10 Father Chrysostomos <sprout [at] cpan [dot] org>

This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as perl.

The tie (tie in perlfunc) and tied (tied in perlfunc) functions in the perlfunc man page.

The perltie man page.

Scalar::Util's weaken function

The B module.

Data::Dumper::Streamer, for which I wrote two of these functions.