Locale::Util - Portable l10n and i10n functions
Index
Code Index:
NAME
Locale::Util - Portable l10n and i10n functions
SYNOPSIS
use Locale::Util;
my @linguas = parse_http_accept_language $ENV{HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE};
my @charsets = parse_http_accept_charset $ENV{HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET};
# Trie to set the locale to Brasilian Portuguese in UTF-8.
my $set_locale = set_locale LC_ALL, 'pt', 'BR', 'utf-8';
set_locale_cache $last_cache;
my $cache = get_locale_cache;
web_set_locale ($ENV{HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE}, $ENV_ACCEPT_CHARSET);
web_set_locale (['fr-BE', 'fr', 'it'], ['cp1252', 'utf-8']);
DESCRIPTION
This module provides portable functions dealing with localization
(l10n) and internationalization(i10n). It doesn't export anything
by default, you have to specify each function you need in the import
list, or use the fully qualified name.
The functions here have a focus on web development, although they
are general enough to have them in the Locale:: namespace.
This module is considered alpha code. The interface is not stable.
Please contact the author if you want to use it in production code.
This module was introduced in libintl-perl 1.17.
FUNCTIONS
- parse_http_accept_language STRING
-
Parses a string as passed in the HTTP header "Accept-Language".
It returns a list of tokens sorted by the quality value, see RFC 2616
for details.
Example:
parse_http_accept ("fr-fr, fr; q=0.7, de; q=0.3");
This means: Give me French for France with a quality value of 1.0
(the maximum). Otherwise I will take any other French version
(quality 0.7), German has a quality of 0.3 for me.
The function will return a list of tokens in the order of their quality
values, in this case "fr-fr", "fr" and "de".
The function is more forgiving than RFC 2616. It accepts quality
values greater than 1.0 and with more than 3 decimal places. It
also accepts languages and country names with more than 8 characters.
The language "*" is translated into "C".
- parse_http_accept_charset STRING
-
Parses a string as passed in the HTTP header "Accept-Charset".
It returns a list of tokens sorted by the quality value, see RFC 2616
for details.
The special character set "*" (means all character sets) will be
translated to the undefined value.
- set_locale CATEGORY, LANGUAGE[, COUNTRY, CHARSET]
-
Tries to set the user locale by means of POSIX::setlocale(). The latter
function has the disadvantage, that its second argument (the locale
description string) is completely non-standard and system-dependent.
This function tries its best at guessing the system's notion of a locale
dientifier, with the arguments supplied:
- CATEGORY
-
An integer argument for a valid locale category. These are the
LC_* constants (LC_ALL, LC_CTIME, LC_COLLATE, ...) defined in both
Locale::Messages(3pm) and POSIX(3pm).
- LANGUAGE
-
A 2-letter language identifier as per ISO 639. Case doesn't matter,
but an unchanged version (ie. not lower-cased) of the language you
provided will always be tried to.
- COUNTRY
-
A 2-letter language identifier as per ISO 639. Case doesn't matter,
but an unchanged version (ie. not lower-cased) of the language you
provided will always be tried to.
This parameter is optional. If it is not defined, the function will
try to guess an appropriate country, otherwise leave it to the
operating system.
- CHARSET
-
A valid charset name. Valid means valid! The charset "utf8" is not
valid (it is "utf-8"). Charset names that are accepted by the
guessing algorithms in Encode(3pm) are also not necessarily valid.
If the parameter is undefined, it is ignored. It is always ignored
under Windows.
The function tries to approach the desired locale in loops, refining
it on every success. It will first try to set the language (for
any country), then try to select the correct language, and finally
try to select the correct charset.
The return value is false in case of failure, or the return value
of the underlying POSIX::setlocale() call in case of success.
In array context, the function returns the country name
that was passed in the successful
call to POSIX::setlocale(). If this string is equal to the country
name you passed as an argument, you can be reasonably sure that
the settings for this country are really used. If it is not
equal, the function has taken a guess at the country (it has a list
of "default" countries for each language). It seems that under
Windows, POSIX::setlocale() also succeeds, if you pass a country
name that is actually not supported. Therefore, the information
is not completely reliable.
Please note that this function is intended for server processes
(especially web applications) that need to switch in a portable
way to a certain locale. It is not the recommended way to set
the program locale for a regular application. In a regular application
you should do the following:
use POSIX qw (setlocale LC_ALL);
setlocale LC_ALL, '';
The empty string as the second argument means, that the system
should switch to the user's default locale.
- get_locale_cache
-
The function set_locale() is potentially expansive, especially when
it fails, because it can try a lot of different combinations, and
the system may have to load a lot of locale definitions from its
internal database.
In order to speed up things, results are internally cached in a
hash, keys are the languages, subkeys countries, subsubkeys the
charsets. You can get a reference to this hash with get_locale_cache().
The function cannot fail.
- set_locale_cache HASH
-
Sets the internal cache. You can either pass a hash or a hash reference.
The function will use this as its cache, discarding its old cache.
This allows you to keep the hash persistent.
The function cannot fail.
- web_set_locale (ACCEPT_LANGUAGE, ACCEPT_CHARSET, CATEGORY,
AVAILABLE)
-
Try to change the locale to the settings described by ACCEPT_LANGUAGE
and ACCEPT_CHARSET. For each argument you can either pass a string
as in the corresponding http header, or a reference to an array
of language resp. charset identifiers.
Currently only the first charset passed is used as an argument.
You are strongly encouraged to pass a hard-coded value here, so
that you have control about your output.
The argument CATEGORY specifies the category (one of the LC_*
constants as defined in Locale::Messages(3pm) or in POSIX(3pm)).
The category defaults to LC_ALL.
You can pass an optional reference to a list of locales in
XPG4 format that are available in your application. This is
useful if you know which languages are supported by your application.
In fact, only the language part of the values in the list are
considered (for example for "en_US", only "en" is used). The
country or other parts are ignored.
The function returns the return value of the underlying set_locale()
call, or false on failure.
The function returns false on failure. On success it returns the
return value of the underlying set_locale() call. This value can
be used directly in subsequent calls to POSIX::setlocale(). In
array context, it additionally returns the identifiers for the language,
the country, and the charset actually used.
BUGS
The function set_locale() probably fails to guess the correct locale
identifier on a lot of systems. If you have found such a case,
please submit it as a bug report.
The bug tracking system for this packags is at
http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?libintl-perl
Please note that this module is considered alpha code, and the interface
is not stable. Please contact the author, if you want to use it in
production code.
AUTHOR
Copyright (C) 2002-2009, Guido Flohr <guido@imperia.net>, all
rights reserved. See the source code for details.
This software is contributed to the Perl community by Imperia
(http://www.imperia.net/).
SEE ALSO
#! /bin/false
# vim: set autoindent shiftwidth=4 tabstop=4:
# $Id$
# Portable methods for locale handling.
# Copyright (C) 2002-2009 Guido Flohr <guido@imperia.net>,
# all rights reserved.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
# any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
# Library General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
# License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
# USA.
package Locale::Util;
use strict;
use constant DEBUG => 0;
use base qw (Exporter);
use vars qw (@EXPORT_OK);
@EXPORT_OK = qw (parse_http_accept_language
parse_http_accept_charset
set_locale set_locale_cache get_locale_cache
web_set_locale);
# The following list maps languages to a rough guess of the country that
# is most likely to be meant if no locale info for the country alone is
# found. I have assembled the list to the best of my knowledge, preferring
# the country that has the language as its official language, and in doubt
# listing the country that has the most speakers of that language. Corrections
# are welcome.
use constant LANG2COUNTRY => {
aa => 'ET', # Afar => Ethiopia
ab => 'AB', # Abkhazian => Georgia
# ae => '??', # Avestan => ??, Iran?
af => 'za', # Afrikaans => South Africa
am => 'ET', # Amharic => Ethiopia
ar => 'EG', # Arabic => Egypt
as => 'IN', # Assamese => India
ay => 'BO', # Aymara => Bolivia
az => 'AZ', # Azerbaijani => Azerbaijan
ba => 'RU', # Bashkir => Russia
be => 'BY', # Belarusian => Belarus
bg => 'BG', # Bulgarian => Bulgaria
bh => 'IN', # Bihari => India
bi => 'VU', # Bislama => Vanuatu
bn => 'BD', # Bengali => Bangladesh
bo => 'CN', # Tibetan => China
br => 'FR', # Breton => France
bs => 'BA', # Bosnian => Bosnia and Herzegovina
ca => 'ES', # Catalan => Spain
ce => 'RU', # Chechen => Russia
ch => '??', # Chamorro => Guam (or mp?)
co => 'FR', # Corsican => France
cs => 'CZ', # Czech => Czech Republic
cu => 'BG', # Church Slavic => Bulgaria
cv => 'RU', # Chuvash => Russia
cy => 'GB', # Welsh => United Kingdom
da => 'DK', # Danish => Denmark
de => 'DE', # German => Germany
dz => 'BT', # Dzongkha => Bhutan
en => 'US', # English => United States
fa => 'IR', # Iran, Islamic Republic of
fi => 'FI', # Finnish => Finland
fj => 'FJ', # Fijian => Fiji
fo => 'FO', # Faeroese => Faroe Islands
fr => 'FR', # French => France
fy => 'FY', # Frisian => Netherlands
ga => 'IE', # Irish => Ireland
gd => 'GB', # Gaelic (Scots) => United Kingdom
gl => 'ES', # Gallegan => Spain
gn => 'PY', # Guarani => Paraguay
gu => 'IN', # Gujarati => IN
gv => 'GB', # Manx => United Kingdom
ha => 'NE', # Hausa => Niger (ng?)
he => 'IL', # Hebrew => Israel
hi => 'IN', # Hindi => India
ho => 'PG', # Hiri Motu => Papua New Guinea
hr => 'HR', # Croatian
hu => 'HU', # Hungarian => Hungary
hy => 'AM', # Armenian => Armenia
hz => 'NA', # Herero => Namibia
# ia => '??', # Interlingua (aka "latino sine flexione") => ??
id => 'ID', # Indonesian => Indonesia
# ie => '??', # Interlingue => ???
ik => 'US', # Inupiaq => United States
is => 'IS', # Icelandic => Iceland
it => 'IT', # Italian => Italy
iu => 'CA', # Inuktitut => Canada
iw => 'IL', # Hebrew => Israel
ja => 'JP', # Japanese => Japan
jw => 'ID', # Javanese => Indonesia
ka => 'GE', # Georgian => Georgia
ki => 'KE', # Kikuyu => Kenya
kj => 'AO', # Kuanyama => Angola (na?)
kk => 'KZ', # Kazakh => Kazakhstan
kl => 'GL', # Kalaallisut => Greenland
km => 'KH', # Khmer => Cambodia
kn => 'IN', # Kannada => India
ko => 'KR', # Korean => Korea, Republic of (more speakers than North Korea)
ks => 'IN', # Kashmiri => India
ku => 'TR', # Kurdish => Turkey
kv => 'RU', # Komi => Russia
kw => 'GB', # Cornish => United Kingdom
ky => 'KG', # Kirghyz => Kyrgyzstan
la => 'VA', # Latin => Holy See (Vatican City State)
lb => 'LU', # Letzeburgesch => Luxembourg
ln => 'CG', # Lingala => Republic of the Congo (cd?)
lo => 'LA', # Lao => Lao People's Democratic Republic
lt => 'LT', # Lithuanian => Lithuania
lv => 'LV', # Latvian => Latvia
mg => 'MG', # Malagasy => Madagascar
mh => 'MH', # Marshall => Marshall Islands
mi => 'NZ', # Maori => New Zealand
mk => 'MK', # Macedonian => Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
ml => 'IN', # Malayalam => India
mn => 'MN', # Mongolian => Mongolia
mr => 'IN', # Marathi => India
ms => 'MY', # Malay => Malaysia (FIXME: not really sure ...)
mt => 'MT', # Maltese => Malta
my => 'MM', # Burmese => Myanmar
na => 'NR', # Nauru => Nauru
nb => 'NO', # Norwegian Bokmål => Norway
nd => 'ZA', # Ndebele, North => South Africa
ne => 'NP', # Nepali => Nepal
ng => 'NA', # Ndonga => Namibia
nl => 'NL', # Dutch => Netherlands
nn => 'NO', # Norwegian Nynorsk => Norway
no => 'NO', # Norwegian => Norway
nr => 'ZA', # Ndebele, South => South Africa
nv => 'US', # Navajo => United States
ny => 'MW', # Chichewa; Nyanja => Malawi
oc => 'FR', # Occitan (post 1500) => France
om => 'ET', # Oromo => Ethiopia
or => 'IN', # Oriya => India
os => 'RU', # Ossetian; Ossetic => Russia (FIXME: Or Georgia?)
pa => 'IN', # Panjabi => India
pi => 'IN', # Pali => India (FIXME: Or Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar,
# Cambodia)
pl => 'PL', # Polish => Poland
ps => 'PK', # Pushto => Pakistan
pt => 'PT', # Portuguese => Portugal (following our rules this should
# actually be Brazil but that would be to unrealistic,
# people from Brazil set their locale to pt_BR).
qu => 'PE', # Quechua => Peru
rm => 'CH', # Rhaeto-Romance => Switzerland
rn => 'RW', # Rundi => Rwanda
ro => 'RO', # Romanian => Romania
ru => 'RU', # Russian => Russia
rw => 'RW', # Kinyarwanda => Rwanda
sa => 'IN', # Sanskrit => India
sc => 'IT', # Sardinian => Italy
sd => 'IN', # Sindhi => India
se => 'SE', # Sami => Sweden (Totally unsure here. The Sami languages
# are also spoken in Norway, Finland and Russia, but the
# largest part of the area seems to be in Sweden.
sg => '??', # Sango => Central African Republic
si => 'LK', # Sinhalese => Sri Lanka
sk => 'SK', # Slovakian => Slovakia
sl => 'SL', # Slovenian => Slovenia
sm => 'WS', # Samoan => Samoa
sh => 'ZW', # Shona => Zimbabwe (FIXME: Rather Mozambique?)
so => 'SO', # Somali => Somalia
sq => 'AL', # Albanian => Albania
sr => 'YU', # Serbian => Yugoslavia
ss => '??', # Swati => Swaziland (za?)
st => 'LS', # Sotho => Lesotho
su => 'IN', # Sundanese => Indonesia
sv => 'SE', # Swedish => Sweden
sw => 'TZ', # Suaheli => Tanzania, United Republic of
ta => 'LK', # Tamil => Sri Lanka
te => 'IN', # Telugu => India
tg => 'TJ', # Tajik => Tajikistan
th => 'TH', # Thai => Thailand
ti => 'ER', # Tigrinya => Eritrea
tk => 'TM', # Turkmen => Turkmenistan
tl => 'PH', # Tagalog => Philippines
tn => 'BW', # Tswana => Botswana
to => 'TO', # Tonga => Tonga
tr => 'TR', # Turkish => Turkish
tt => 'RU', # Tatar => Russia
tw => 'GH', # Twi => Ghana
ug => 'CN', # Uighur => China
uk => 'UA', # Ukrainian => Ukraine
ur => 'PK', # Urdu => Pakistan
uz => 'UZ', # Uzbek => Uzbekistan
vi => 'VN', # Vietnamese => Vietnam
# vo => '??', # Volapuk => Nowhere
wo => 'SN', # Wolof => Senegal
xh => 'ZA', # Xhosa => South Africa
yi => 'IL', # Yiddish => Israel (FIXME: Rather United States?)
yo => 'NG', # Yoruba => Nigeria
za => 'CN', # Zhuang => China
zh => 'CN', # Chinese => China
zu => 'ZA', # Zulu => South Africa
};
use constant WIN32LANGUAGE => {
aa => "Afar",
ab => "Abkhazian",
ae => "Avestan",
af => "Afrikaans",
am => "Amharic",
ar => "Arabic",
as => "Assamese",
ay => "Aymara",
az => "Azerbaijani",
ba => "Bashkir",
be => "Belarusian",
bg => "Bulgarian",
bh => "Bihari",
bi => "Bislama",
bn => "Bengali",
bo => "Tibetan",
br => "Breton",
bs => "Bosnian",
ca => "Catalan",
ce => "Chechen",
ch => "Chamorro",
co => "Corsican",
cs => "Czech",
cu => "Church Slavic",
cv => "Chuvash",
cy => "Welsh",
da => "Danish",
de => "German",
dz => "Dzongkha",
el => "Greek",
en => "English",
eo => "Esperanto",
es => "Spanish",
et => "Estonian",
eu => "Basque",
fa => "Persian",
fi => "Finnish",
fj => "Fijian",
fo => "Faeroese",
fr => "French",
fy => "Frisian",
ga => "Irish",
gd => "Gaelic (Scots)",
gl => "Gallegan",
gn => "Guarani",
gu => "Gujarati",
gv => "Manx",
ha => "Hausa",
he => "Hebrew",
hi => "Hindi",
ho => "Hiri Motu",
hr => "Croatian",
hu => "Hungarian",
hy => "Armenian",
hz => "Herero",
ia => "Interlingua",
id => "Indonesian",
ie => "Interlingue",
ik => "Inupiaq",
is => "Icelandic",
it => "Italian",
iu => "Inuktitut",
ja => "Japanese",
jw => "Javanese",
ka => "Georgian",
ki => "Kikuyu",
kj => "Kuanyama",
kk => "Kazakh",
kl => "Kalaallisut",
km => "Khmer",
kn => "Kannada",
ko => "Korean",
ks => "Kashmiri",
ku => "Kurdish",
kv => "Komi",
kw => "Cornish",
ky => "Kirghiz",
la => "Latin",
lb => "Letzeburgesch",
ln => "Lingala",
lo => "Lao",
lt => "Lithuanian",
lv => "Latvian",
mg => "Malagasy",
mh => "Marshall",
mi => "Maori",
# Sorry, lads, but that is what M$ calls your language ...
mk => "FYRO Macedonian",
ml => "Malayalam",
mn => "Mongolian",
mo => "Moldavian",
mr => "Marathi",
ms => "Malay",
mt => "Maltese",
my => "Burmese",
na => "Nauru",
nb => "Norwegian (Bokmål)",
nd => "Ndebele, North",
ne => "Nepali",
ng => "Ndonga",
nl => "Dutch",
nn => "Norwegian-Nynorsk",
no => "Norwegian-Nynorsk",
nr => "Ndebele, South",
nv => "Navajo",
ny => "Chichewa",
oc => "Occitan (post 1500)",
om => "Oromo",
or => "Oriya",
os => "Ossetian",
pa => "Panjabi",
pi => "Pali",
pl => "Polish",
ps => "Pushto",
pt => "Portuguese",
qu => "Quechua",
rm => "Rhaeto-Romance",
rn => "Rundi",
ro => "Romanian",
ru => "Russian",
rw => "Kinyarwanda",
sa => "Sanskrit",
sc => "Sardinian",
sd => "Sindhi",
se => "Sami",
sg => "Sango",
si => "Sinhalese",
sk => "Slovak",
sl => "Slovenian",
sm => "Samoan",
sn => "Shona",
so => "Somali",
sq => "Albanian",
sr => "Serbian",
ss => "Swati",
st => "Sotho",
su => "Sundanese",
sv => "Swedish",
sw => "Swahili",
ta => "Tamil",
te => "Telugu",
tg => "Tajik",
th => "Thai",
ti => "Tigrinya",
tk => "Turkmen",
tl => "Tagalog",
tn => "Tswana",
to => "Tonga",
tr => "Turkish",
ts => "Tsonga",
tt => "Tatar",
tw => "Twi",
ug => "Uighur",
uk => "Ukrainian",
ur => "Urdu",
uz => "Uzbek",
vi => "Vietnamese",
vo => "Volapuk",
wo => "Wolof",
xh => "Xhosa",
yi => "Yiddish",
yo => "Yoruba",
za => "Zhuang",
zh => "Chinese",
zu => "Zulu",
};
use constant WIN32COUNTRY => {
ad => "Andorra",
ae => "United Arab Emirates",
af => "Afghanistan",
ag => "Antigua and Barbuda",
ai => "Anguilla",
al => "Albania",
am => "Armenia",
an => "Netherlands Antilles",
ao => "Angola",
aq => "Antarctica",
ar => "Argentina",
as => "American Samoa",
at => "Austria",
au => "Australia",
aw => "Aruba",
ax => "Aland Islands",
az => "Azerbaijan",
ba => "Bosnia and Herzegovina",
bb => "Barbados",
bd => "Bangladesh",
be => "Belgium",
bf => "Burkina Faso",
bg => "Bulgaria",
bh => "Bahrain",
bi => "Burundi",
bj => "Benin",
bm => "Bermuda",
bn => "Brunei Darussalam",
bo => "Bolivia",
br => "Brazil",
bs => "Bahamas",
bt => "Bhutan",
bv => "Bouvet Island",
bw => "Botswana",
by => "Belarus",
bz => "Belize",
ca => "Canada",
cc => "Cocos (Keeling) Islands",
cd => "Congo, The Democratic Republic of the",
cf => "Central African Republic",
cg => "Congo",
ch => "Switzerland",
ci => "Cote D'Ivoire",
ck => "Cook Islands",
cl => "Chile",
cm => "Cameroon",
cn => "China",
co => "Colombia",
cr => "Costa Rica",
cs => "Serbia and Montenegro",
cu => "Cuba",
cv => "Cape Verde",
cx => "Christmas Island",
cy => "Cyprus",
cz => "Czech Republic",
de => "Germany",
dj => "Djibouti",
dk => "Denmark",
dm => "Dominica",
do => "Dominican Republic",
dz => "Algeria",
ec => "Ecuador",
ee => "Estonia",
eg => "Egypt",
eh => "Western Sahara",
er => "Eritrea",
es => "Spain",
et => "Ethiopia",
fi => "Finland",
fj => "Fiji",
fk => "Falkland Islands (Malvinas)",
fm => "Micronesia, Federated States of",
fo => "Faroe Islands",
fr => "France",
fx => "France, Metropolitan",
ga => "Gabon",
gb => "United Kingdom",
gd => "Grenada",
ge => "Georgia",
gf => "French Guiana",
gh => "Ghana",
gi => "Gibraltar",
gl => "Greenland",
gm => "Gambia",
gn => "Guinea",
gp => "Guadeloupe",
gq => "Equatorial Guinea",
gr => "Greece",
gs => "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands",
gt => "Guatemala",
gu => "Guam",
gw => "Guinea-Bissau",
gy => "Guyana",
hk => "Hong Kong",
hm => "Heard Island and McDonald Islands",
hn => "Honduras",
hr => "Croatia",
ht => "Haiti",
hu => "Hungary",
id => "Indonesia",
ie => "Ireland",
il => "Israel",
in => "India",
io => "British Indian Ocean Territory",
iq => "Iraq",
ir => "Iran",
is => "Iceland",
it => "Italy",
jm => "Jamaica",
jo => "Jordan",
jp => "Japan",
ke => "Kenya",
kg => "Kyrgyzstan",
kh => "Cambodia",
ki => "Kiribati",
km => "Comoros",
kn => "Saint Kitts and Nevis",
kp => "North-Korea",
kr => "Korea",
kw => "Kuwait",
ky => "Cayman Islands",
kz => "Kazakhstan",
la => "Laos",
lb => "Lebanon",
lc => "Saint Lucia",
li => "Liechtenstein",
lk => "Sri Lanka",
lr => "Liberia",
ls => "Lesotho",
lt => "Lithuania",
lu => "Luxembourg",
lv => "Latvia",
ly => "Libyan",
ma => "Morocco",
mc => "Monaco",
md => "Moldova",
mg => "Madagascar",
mh => "Marshall Islands",
mk => "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia",
ml => "Mali",
mm => "Myanmar",
mn => "Mongolia",
mo => "Macao",
mp => "Northern Mariana Islands",
mq => "Martinique",
mr => "Mauritania",
ms => "Montserrat",
mt => "Malta",
mu => "Mauritius",
mv => "Maldives",
mw => "Malawi",
mx => "Mexico",
my => "Malaysia",
mz => "Mozambique",
na => "Namibia",
nc => "New Caledonia",
ne => "Niger",
nf => "Norfolk Island",
ng => "Nigeria",
ni => "Nicaragua",
nl => "Netherlands",
no => "Norway",
np => "Nepal",
nr => "Nauru",
nu => "Niue",
nz => "New Zealand",
om => "Oman",
pa => "Panama",
pe => "Peru",
pf => "French Polynesia",
pg => "Papua New Guinea",
ph => "Philippines",
pk => "Pakistan",
pl => "Poland",
pm => "Saint Pierre and Miquelon",
pn => "Pitcairn",
pr => "Puerto Rico",
ps => "Palestinian Territory, Occupied",
pt => "Portugal",
pw => "Palau",
py => "Paraguay",
qa => "Qatar",
re => "Reunion",
ro => "Romania",
ru => "Russian Federation",
rw => "Rwanda",
sa => "Saudi Arabia",
sb => "Solomon Islands",
sc => "Seychelles",
sd => "Sudan",
se => "Sweden",
sg => "Singapore",
sh => "Saint Helena",
si => "Slovenia",
sj => "Svalbard and Jan Mayen",
sk => "Slovakia",
sl => "Sierra Leone",
sm => "San Marino",
sn => "Senegal",
so => "Somalia",
sr => "Suriname",
st => "Sao Tome and Principe",
sv => "El Salvador",
sy => "Syrian Arab Republic",
sz => "Swaziland",
tc => "Turks and Caicos Islands",
td => "Chad",
tf => "French Southern Territories",
tg => "Togo",
th => "Thailand",
tj => "Tajikistan",
tk => "Tokelau",
tl => "Timor-Leste",
tm => "Turkmenistan",
tn => "Tunisia",
to => "Tonga",
tr => "Turkey",
tt => "Trinidad and Tobago",
tv => "Tuvalu",
tw => "Taiwan, Province of China",
tz => "Tanzania, United Republic of",
ua => "Ukraine",
ug => "Uganda",
um => "United States Minor Outlying Islands",
us => "United States",
uy => "Uruguay",
uz => "Uzbekistan",
va => "Holy See (Vatican City State)",
vc => "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines",
ve => "Venezuela",
vg => "Virgin Islands, British",
vi => "Virgin Islands, U.S.",
vn => "Vietnam",
vu => "Vanuatu",
wf => "Wallis and Futuna",
ws => "Samoa",
ye => "Yemen",
yt => "Mayotte",
za => "South Africa",
zm => "Zambia",
zw => "Zimbabwe",
};
my $locale_cache;
sub parse_http_accept_language {
my ($string) = @_;
my @tokens = split / *, */, $string;
my %retval;
foreach my $token (@tokens) {
my $quality = 1;
# This RE is more forgiving than the standard. It accepts
# values greater than 1.0 and with more fractional digits
# than 3.
if ($token =~ s/ *; *q *= *([0-9]+(?:\.([0-9]+))?)$//) {
$quality = $1;
}
$retval{$token} = $quality;
}
# RFC 2616 only allows 1-8 characters for language and country
# but we are more forgiving.
return grep {
/^[A-Za-z]+(?:-[A-Za-z]+)?$/
} map {
$_ = 'C' if $_ eq '*'; $_
} sort {
$retval{$b} <=> $retval{$a}
} keys %retval;
}
sub parse_http_accept_charset {
my ($string) = @_;
my @tokens = split / *, */, $string;
my %retval;
foreach my $token (@tokens) {
my $quality = 1;
# This RE is more forgiving than the standard. It accepts
# values greater than 1.0 and with more fractional digits
# than 3.
if ($token =~ s/ *; *q *= *([0-9]+(?:\.([0-9]+))?)$//) {
$quality = $1;
}
$retval{$token} = $quality;
}
return grep {
# This is really allowed in character set names ...
/^[-!\#\$\%\&\'\+\.0-9A-Z_\`a-z\|\~]+$/
} map {
$_ = undef if $_ eq '*'; $_
} sort {
$retval{$b} <=> $retval{$a}
} keys %retval;
}
sub set_locale {
my ($category, $language, $country, $charset) = @_;
require POSIX;
$country = '' unless defined $country;
$charset = '' unless defined $charset;
my $set_locale;
# Look up the cache first.
if (my $retval = $locale_cache->{$language}->{$country}->{$charset}) {
my ($locale, $country) = @$retval;
POSIX::setlocale ($category, $locale);
return @$retval;
}
# Initialize the cache with the undefined value so that we can do
# error returns without setting it.
$locale_cache->{$language}->{$country}->{$charset} = undef;
my $windows = ($^O !~ /darwin/i && $^O =~ /win/i) ? 1 : 0;
if ($windows) {
return &__set_locale_windows;
}
my $set_language;
my $set_country;
# First we try to only use the language.
my @languages = ($language);
my @lc_languages = map { lc $_ } @languages;
my @uc_languages = map { uc $_ } @languages;
my %seen = ();
foreach my $language (@languages, @lc_languages, @uc_languages) {
next if $seen{$language}++;
warn "Trying lingua only setlocale '$language'.\n" if DEBUG;
my $result = POSIX::setlocale ($category, $language);
if ($result) {
$set_locale = $set_language = $result if $result;
last;
}
}
# Now try it with the country appended.
my @countries = length $country ? ($country) : ();
my @uc_countries = map { uc $_ } @countries;
my @lc_countries = map { uc $_ } @countries;
push @countries, @uc_countries, @lc_countries;
LINGUA: foreach my $language (@languages, @lc_languages, @uc_languages) {
my $count = 0;
my @guessed_countries = (LANG2COUNTRY->{lc $language},
lc LANG2COUNTRY->{lc $language},
uc LANG2COUNTRY->{lc $language});
foreach my $c (@countries, @guessed_countries) {
++$count;
next unless defined $c && length $c;
my $try = $language . '_' . $c;
next if $seen{$try}++;
warn "Trying setlocale '$try'.\n" if DEBUG;
my $result = POSIX::setlocale ($category, $try);
if ($result) {
$set_locale = $result;
if ($count >= @countries) {
$set_country = $c;
} else {
$set_country = $country;
}
last LINGUA;
}
}
}
unless (length $charset) {
return unless defined $set_locale && length $set_locale;
$locale_cache->{$language}->{$country}->{$charset} =
[$set_locale, $set_country];
return wantarray ? ($set_locale, $set_country) : $set_locale;
}
my @charsets = ($charset);
my $cleaned = $charset;
push @charsets, $cleaned if $cleaned =~ s/-//g;
my @lc_charsets = map { lc $charset } @charsets;
my @uc_charsets = map { uc $charset } @charsets;
push @charsets, @lc_charsets, @uc_charsets;
%seen = ();
LINGUA2: foreach my $language (@languages,
@lc_languages, @uc_languages) {
my @guessed_countries = (LANG2COUNTRY->{lc $language},
lc LANG2COUNTRY->{lc $language},
uc LANG2COUNTRY->{lc $language});
my $count = 0;
foreach my $c (@countries, @guessed_countries) {
++$count;
$c = '' unless defined $c && length $c;
my $country_try = $language;
$country_try .= (length $c) ? "_$c" : '';
foreach my $ch (@charsets, @lc_charsets, @uc_charsets) {
my $try = $country_try . '.' . $ch;
next if $seen{$try}++;
warn "Trying setlocale '$try'.\n" if DEBUG;
my $result = POSIX::setlocale ($category, $try);
if ($result) {
$set_locale = $result;
if ($count >= @countries) {
$set_country = $c;
} else {
$set_country = $country;
}
last LINGUA2;
}
}
}
}
return unless defined $set_locale && length $set_locale;
$locale_cache->{$language}->{$country}->{$charset} =
[$set_locale, $set_country];
return wantarray ? ($set_locale, $set_country) : $set_locale;
}
sub __set_locale_windows {
my ($category, $language, $country, $charset) = @_;
my $set_locale;
$country = '' unless defined $country;
$charset = '' unless defined $charset;
# First we try to only use the language.
my $long_language = WIN32LANGUAGE->{lc $language};
my @languages = ($long_language, $language);
my %seen = ();
foreach my $language (@languages) {
next if $seen{$language}++;
warn "Trying lingua only setlocale '$language'.\n" if DEBUG;
my $result = POSIX::setlocale ($category, $language);
if ($result) {
$set_locale = $result if $result;
last;
}
}
# Now try it with the country appended.
my $set_country;
if (length $country) {
COMBI: foreach my $language (@languages) {
# We do not need a fallback country here, because the "system" already
# provides the information.
my @short_countries = ($country);
my @countries = map {
WIN32COUNTRY->{lc $_}
} grep { length $_ } @short_countries;
foreach my $c (@countries) {
next unless defined $c && length $c;
my $try = $language . '_' . $c;
next if $seen{$try}++;
warn "Trying setlocale '$try'.\n" if DEBUG;
my $result = POSIX::setlocale ($category, $try);
if ($result) {
$set_locale = $result;
$set_country = $c;
last COMBI;
}
}
}
}
return unless defined $set_locale && length $set_locale;
# Apparently, there is no point in setting a charset. Even the new
# MS-DOS versions like 2000 or XP still have the concept of more or
# less fixed codepages. Switching to UTF-8 does not work.
$locale_cache->{$language}->{$country}->{$charset} =
[$set_locale, $set_country];
return wantarray ? ($set_locale, $set_country) : $set_locale;
}
sub get_locale_cache {
$locale_cache;
}
sub set_locale_cache {
if (ref $_[0] && 'HASH' eq ref $_[0]) {
$locale_cache = $_[0];
} else {
my %locale_cache = @_;
$locale_cache = \%locale_cache;
}
}
sub web_set_locale {
my ($accept_language, $accept_charset, $category, $available) = @_;
my %available;
if ($available) {
foreach (@$available) {
my $locale = $_;
$locale =~ s/[_\@\.].*//;
$available{lc $locale} = 1;
}
}
my @languages;
if (ref $accept_language && 'ARRAY' eq ref $accept_language) {
@languages = @$accept_language;
} else {
@languages = parse_http_accept_language $accept_language;
}
if ($available) {
my @all = @languages;
@languages = ();
foreach my $locale (@all) {
my $language = lc $locale;
$language =~ s/[_\@\.].*//;
push @languages, $locale if $available{$language};
}
}
my @charsets;
if (defined $accept_charset) {
if (ref $accept_charset && 'ARRAY' eq ref $accept_charset) {
@charsets = @$accept_charset;
} else {
@charsets = parse_http_accept_charset $accept_charset;
}
}
unless (defined $category) {
require POSIX;
$category = POSIX::LC_ALL();
}
my ($set_locale, $set_language, $set_country, $set_charset);
foreach my $lang (@languages) {
my ($language, $country) = split /-/, $lang, 2;
my ($locale, $country_used) =
set_locale ($category, $language, $country, $charsets[0]);
if (defined $locale) {
# If a country was specified, we have to check whether it
# was actually selected.
if (defined $country) {
if (!defined $country
|| ($country ne $country_used)) {
$set_language = $language;
$set_locale = $locale;
$set_country = $country_used;
$set_charset = $charsets[0];
}
}
if (wantarray) {
return $locale, $lang, $country_used, $charsets[0];
} else {
return $locale;
}
}
}
if (defined $set_locale) {
if (wantarray) {
return $set_locale, $set_language, $set_country, $set_charset;
} else {
return $set_locale;
}
}
return;
}
1;
__END__
Local Variables:
mode: perl
perl-indent-level: 4
perl-continued-statement-offset: 4
perl-continued-brace-offset: 0
perl-brace-offset: -4
perl-brace-imaginary-offset: 0
perl-label-offset: -4
cperl-indent-level: 4
cperl-continued-statement-offset: 2
tab-width: 4
End:
=cut